Biodegradation and Biomineralization Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the six requirements for biodegradation?

  • Presence of metals, minerals, and organic matter
  • Presence of chemicals, high temperature, and oxygen
  • Presence of sunlight, water, air, and soil
  • Presence of appropriate microorganisms, energy source, carbon source, electron acceptor, etc. (correct)

    • What happens in the biotransformation process?

  • Organic matter is absorbed by microorganisms
  • Organic matter is fully degraded to inorganic material
  • Organic matter is partially degraded and some part is converted into smaller chain organic compounds (correct)
  • Organic matter is converted into inorganic matter

    • What is mineralisation in the context of biodegradation?

  • Partial degradation of organic matter to smaller chain organic compounds
  • Absorption of inorganic material by microorganisms
  • Total degradation of organic matter to inorganic material like water and carbon dioxide (correct)
  • Conversion of inorganic material to organic matter

    • What is an example of biodegradation of a xenobiotic compound?

    <p>Atrazine degraded by Pseudomonas sp. to carbon dioxide and ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an electron acceptor in biodegradation?

    <p>To accept electrons during the degradation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biodegradation Requirements

    • Six key requirements for biodegradation: availability of oxygen, suitable temperature, adequate moisture, suitable pH, presence of microorganisms, and availability of nutrients
    • All these requirements must be met for biodegradation to occur

    Biotransformation Process

    • Biotransformation: process by which microorganisms convert a compound into a more water-soluble or toxic form
    • Involves enzymatic reactions that modify the chemical structure of the compound
    • Results in a change in the compound's physical and chemical properties

    Mineralisation

    • Mineralisation: complete breakdown of an organic compound into inorganic minerals such as carbon dioxide, water, and salts
    • Ultimate goal of biodegradation, resulting in the release of inorganic compounds

    Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Compounds

    • Xenobiotic compounds: man-made substances not found in nature, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals
    • Example: biodegradation of DDT, a xenobiotic pesticide, by microorganisms that break it down into harmless compounds

    Role of Electron Acceptors

    • Electron acceptors: compounds that receive electrons during biodegradation, such as oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate
    • Play a crucial role in biodegradation by facilitating the transfer of electrons during microbial metabolism
    • Enable microorganisms to generate energy and sustain life during biodegradation

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of biodegradation requirements and biomineralization with this quiz. Explore the six essential requirements for biodegradation and learn about the process of mineralization by microorganisms.

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