Biochemistry Syllabus Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of anaplerotic reactions in the citric acid cycle?

  • To increase ATP production
  • To replenish citric acid cycle intermediates (correct)
  • To deplete intermediates
  • To transport electrons

    • What is the effect of increased levels of ADP on the TCA cycle?

  • Promotes oxidation and ATP synthesis (correct)
  • Increases NADH levels
  • Stops oxidation through the ETC
  • Inhibits the cycle

    • Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

  • Pyruvate carboxylase (correct)
  • Malate dehydrogenase
  • Succinyl-CoA synthetase
  • α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

    • Which compound is used for the synthesis of porphyrins and heme?

    <p>Succinyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does mitochondrial citrate play in fatty acid biosynthesis?

    <p>It provides acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

    <p>Succinyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions is NOT considered an anaplerotic reaction?

    <p>Conversion of α-KG to succinyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of insufficient ADP levels in the TCA cycle?

    <p>Inhibition of NADH and FADH2 oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>High altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is associated with respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Tetany or seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In acute respiratory alkalosis, what happens to pCO2 levels?

    <p>They decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compensatory mechanism occurs in chronic respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Reduction in plasma bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of hyperventilation?

    <p>Peripheral vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of CO2 accumulation due to hypoventilation?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is positive in individuals with respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Trousseau's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of ATP synthesis?

    <p>Electrochemical phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to cause stimulation of the respiratory center resulting in respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits the action of Complex I in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Rotenone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds can transfer high energy phosphates to produce ATP?

    <p>Phosphoenolpyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following, which factors affect the regulation of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Concentration of ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of succinyl CoA in metabolism?

    <p>Intermediate of the TCA cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhibitor works at the site between Cyt b and Cyt C1 in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Antimycin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of Complex III?

    <p>Transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of inhibiting the electron transport chain?

    <p>Accumulation of reduced components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are generated from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

    <p>38 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is specifically required for oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the TCA cycle in cellular respiration?

    <p>NADH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the electron transport chain occur in the cell?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent ATP yield of one molecule of FADH2 during oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the TCA cycle?

    <p>Is primarily located in the mitochondria under aerobic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to venous blood during cyanide poisoning?

    <p>It resembles arterial blood in color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the least toxic fat-soluble vitamin?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes brown adipose tissue?

    <p>Presence of numerous mitochondria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue in newborns?

    <p>Thermogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oxidative stress primarily caused by?

    <p>Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the protein UCP1 (thermogenin) play in brown adipose tissue?

    <p>Promotes heat production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?

    <p>They contain unpaired electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can contribute to oxidative stress?

    <p>Exposure to ultraviolet light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to energy in brown adipose tissue when oxidation and phosphorylation are not coupled?

    <p>Energy is lost as heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases can potentially be caused by oxidative damage from free radicals?

    <p>Cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration?

    <p>Generation of a proton gradient for ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex in the electron transport chain directly contributes to ATP synthesis?

    <p>Complex V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of phosphorylation occurs directly through the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does NADH produce more ATP compared to FADH₂?

    <p>NADH donates electrons to a higher complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the chemiosmotic theory, which of the following processes is most accurately described?

    <p>Protons flow down their gradient through ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies components involved in substrate-level phosphorylation?

    <p>Phosphoenolpyruvate, ADP, and pyruvate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the cytochrome oxidase reaction site in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Reduction of oxygen to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substrate does FADH₂ primarily oxidize with in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Coenzyme Q</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biochemistry Syllabus

    • Cellular Respiration/Oxidation: Biological oxidoreduction mechanisms and examples, Citric Acid Cycle (with feeder pathways, regulation, amphibolism, and clinical applications), Electron Transport Chain (cellular location, reducing equivalents, ATP synthesis), and Oxidative Phosphorylation (chemiosmotic theory, clinical applications of inhibitors/uncouplers).
    • Brown adipose tissue energy metabolism: Includes thermogenin.
    • Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Systems: Free radicals, antioxidant systems, other biological antioxidants, and implications of antioxidant system failure.
    • Vitamin E: Dietary sources, metabolism, and antioxidant function.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key biochemistry concepts including cellular respiration, oxidative stress, and vitamin E metabolism. This quiz covers essential mechanisms, pathways, and their biological significance. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of biochemistry in a structured format.

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