L3. Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins II - AI MCQs
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Questions and Answers

Which statement is incorrect regarding interferons?

  • Interferons are solely produced in the laboratory without any natural occurrence. (correct)
  • All types of interferons play a role in fighting cancer.
  • Interferons communicate between cells to trigger immune responses.
  • Interferon alpha is approved for treating chronic hepatitis C.

Which of the following statements about recombinant interferon is false?

  • Interferon alfa-2a is produced using genetically engineered Escherichia coli.
  • Recombinant interferon alfa-2a is derived from human DNA.
  • Recombinant DNA technology allows for the production of therapeutic proteins.
  • Recombinant interferon is isolated from the pathogens themselves. (correct)

Which of the following is an incorrect application of interferon therapies?

  • Interferon alfa is indicated for chronic hepatitis C.
  • Interferon alpha is used to treat chronic hepatitis B.
  • Interferon beta has no known antiviral effect. (correct)
  • Interferons are utilized in cancer therapies.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the types of interferons?

<p>Interferon beta is primarily associated with treating cell leukemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the action of interferons is incorrect?

<p>Interferons provide a direct elimination of pathogens immediately upon release. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydrolytic deamidation is correct?

<p>It involves the conversion of asparagine to aspartate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the oxidation process of amino acids?

<p>The side chains of methionine and cysteine can undergo oxidation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about racemization is incorrect?

<p>It enhances the biological activity of proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes does not involve amino acid modification?

<p>Hydrolysis of glycine to form serine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the effects of hydrolytic deamidation and oxidation is correct?

<p>Deamidation and oxidation both can lead to changes in protein biological activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids would be most susceptible to oxidative changes?

<p>Methionine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is least likely to occur during the aging of recombinant therapeutic proteins?

<p>Formation of active disulfide bonds from cysteine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of protein modifications, which statement is correct?

<p>Only L forms of amino acids participate in protein synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interferon-beta is primarily indicated for the treatment of which condition?

<p>Multiple sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding IFN-γ is correct?

<p>It treats chronic granulomatous disease and osteoporosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of chemical instability in recombinant therapeutic proteins?

<p>Loss of biologic activity due to modified protein formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about physical instability in proteins is inaccurate?

<p>It does not impact the protein's overall functionality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which peptide linkage is considered the least stable?

<p>Asp-Pro (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary issue that arises from chemical instability in recombinant proteins is:

<p>Bond formation or cleavage leading to new entities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT treated by recombinant interferons?

<p>Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about chronic granulomatous disease is incorrect?

<p>It is only treated with antibiotics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes early symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

<p>Vision problems and trouble walking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with the instability of recombinant proteins?

<p>Absolute sequence fidelity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a mechanism that contributes to the instability of recombinant proteins?

<p>Oxidation can lead to changes in protein conformation, affecting its function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding erythropoietin (EPO) levels is incorrect?

<p>Low EPO levels typically result in an increased production of red blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influences the stability of recombinant proteins?

<p>The presence of aggregation-prone sequences. (A), The use of buffers that do not maintain a stable pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the instability of erythropoietin?

<p>Consistent production at physiological levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is NOT a typical symptom associated with anemia?

<p>Increased muscle mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the denaturation of recombinant proteins?

<p>Rapid changes in pH levels during processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the relationship between anemia and underlying conditions is incorrect?

<p>All cases of anemia are related to nutritional deficiencies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which consequence of low erythropoietin levels is correctly stated?

<p>Potential for tissue hypoxia due to insufficient red blood cell count. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these does NOT typically affect recombinant protein production in bacteria?

<p>Consistent bacterial growth phases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is least likely to cause instability in recombinant proteins?

<p>Use of protease inhibitors during purification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) is correct?

<p>ESAs can help manage anemia-related conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the function of interferons?

<p>Interferons have antiviral properties and enhance the immune response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about recombinant production techniques is incorrect?

<p>Recombinant production techniques are limited to therapeutic proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about FDA-approved uses of recombinant proteins is correct?

<p>ESAs are approved for treating anemia, while interferons are used for various diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about anemia and erythropoietin (EPO) is incorrect?

<p>Anemia is solely caused by vitamin deficiencies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the clinical applications of interferons is correct?

<p>Interferons are utilized for viral infections and autoimmune diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the role of genetically engineered cells in protein production is incorrect?

<p>Only mammalian cells are used for recombinant protein production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about recombinant protein instability is correct?

<p>Instability can lead to loss of efficacy in therapeutic applications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the immune response and interferons is incorrect?

<p>Interferons suppress immune responses in viral infections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following about erythropoietin (EPO) is correct?

<p>EPO regulates red blood cell production based on oxygen levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Deamidation of Asparagine/Glutamine

Asparagine and Glutamine can change to Aspartate and Glutamate.

Oxidation in Proteins

Sulfur-containing amino acids (Methionine and Cysteine) can oxidize.

Racemization

Amino acids change their 'handedness' (L to D).

Amino Acid Susceptibility

Certain amino acids are more likely to change due to chemical reactions.

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Protein Degradation Types

Deamidation, oxidation, and racemization are three types that degrade protein structure

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Methionine Oxidation

Side chains of methionine can undergo oxidation

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Cysteine Oxidation

Side chains of cysteine can oxidize

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Effect of Racemization

Racemization alters protein properties and activity.

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Interferon

A natural substance the body uses to fight infections, diseases, and cancer.

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Recombinant interferon

Interferon produced in a lab by isolating DNA and using genetic engineering.

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Interferon alpha

A type of interferon used in treatments for hepatitis, leukemia, and others.

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Recombinant DNA

DNA that is artificially combined or manipulated in the lab for specific uses.

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Therapeutic proteins

Proteins produced to treat diseases; interferon is an example.

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Interferon-beta's use

Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).

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IFN-γ's use

Treats chronic granulomatous disease and osteoporosis.

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Chemical Instability (proteins)

Bond formation/cleavage, creating a modified protein.

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Physical Instability(proteins)

Change in protein's secondary/higher-order structure, lowers activity.

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Hydrolysis (proteins)

Bond breaking within a protein.

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Least stable peptide linkage

Bond between Asp-Pro amino acids.

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Chronic disease of the central nervous system, unpredictable.

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Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Genetic issue impacting white blood cells killing bacteria/fungi.

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Recombinant proteins

Proteins produced using methods like genetic engineering.

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Biologic activity loss

Reduced effectiveness of a protein, often due to instability.

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Instability of recombinant proteins

Recombinant proteins are prone to degradation due to chemical and physical factors.

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Hydrolysis

Chemical breakdown of a substance by reaction with water.

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Oxidation

Chemical reaction in which an atom loses electrons.

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Denaturation

Loss of a protein's 3D structure, which affects its function.

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Anemia

A condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin.

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Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the kidneys.

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Glycoprotein

Protein with attached carbohydrate chains.

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Red blood cells

Cells carrying oxygen throughout the body.

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Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

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Erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell production.

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Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs)

Drugs that stimulate the production of red blood cells, often used to treat anemia.

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Recombinant Production

Production of proteins using genetically modified organisms (e.g., bacteria or yeast).

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Escherichia coli (E. coli)

A common bacterium used in recombinant protein production.

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CHO cells

Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, often used in recombinant protein production.

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Clinical Applications of Recombinant Proteins

Therapeutic uses of recombinant proteins in treating various diseases, including anemia and viral infections.

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Recombinant Protein Instability

Challenges in maintaining the proper structure and function of recombinant proteins.

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Study Notes

Biochemistry and Biotechnology Fundamentals - Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins II

  • The course covers recombinant therapeutic proteins, focusing on erythropoietin (EPO) and interferons.
  • Anemia is a condition where the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin to transport oxygen.
  • Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone naturally produced by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.
  • Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are synthetic EPOs made via recombinant DNA technology.
  • ESAs are used to treat anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease and chemotherapy-induced cases.
  • Interferons are naturally occurring proteins produced by host cells in response to pathogens. They stimulate protective immune responses against infections.
  • Interferons are used as therapeutic agents, playing a role in treating various diseases, including viral infections, multiple sclerosis, and certain cancers.
  • Recombinant DNA technology is employed in producing therapeutic proteins. The technology inserts the desired gene into a host organism to produce the protein.
  • Genetically modified cells, such as Escherichia coli and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, are commonly used for large-scale protein production.
  • Important factors in protein stability include chemical instability (bond formation or cleavage modifying the protein) and physical instability (changes in secondary and higher-order protein structure).
  • Chemical instability can result from hydrolysis of specific peptide bonds (e.g., Asp-Pro) and hydrolytic deamidation (e.g., asparagine and glutamine).
  • Oxidation can occur at Met and Cys side chains leading to the formation of sulfoxides or sulfones.
  • Racemization involves inverting the configuration at asymmetric centers in the protein, creating mixtures of L and D configurations.
  • Physical instability often leads to denaturation and self-aggregation, usually triggered by elevated temperatures, drastic pH changes, or addition of organic solvents.

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Kuwait University Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins II PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on recombinant therapeutic proteins, focusing on erythropoietin (EPO) and interferons. This quiz will explore how these proteins are used to treat conditions like anemia and their roles in stimulating immune responses. Understand the significance of recombinant DNA technology in their production and application in medical therapies.

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