Biochemistry Quiz: Tissue Respiration & Cycle
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Questions and Answers

What is the simultaneous process of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation known as?

  • The general path of catabolism
  • A specific pathway of catabolism
  • Preparatory stage of catabolism
  • Energy conjugation (correct)

    • What occurs when tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation are uncoupled?

  • Both the release of energy in heat and the formation of ATP increase
  • Both the release of energy in heat and the formation of ATP are reduced
  • The formation of ATP decreases and the release of energy in heat increases (correct)
  • The formation of ATP increases and the release of energy in heat decreases

    • What leads to the disappearance of the electrochemical potential in ATP synthesis?

  • Uncoupling of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (correct)
  • Conjugation of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation
  • An increase in ATP consumption
  • Energy pairing

    • How does an increase in ADP concentration affect tissue respiration?

    <p>It accelerates tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds are decarboxylated in the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Isocitrate and ketoglutarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance's increase leads to enhanced activity in the citrate cycle?

    <p>ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are synthesized through substrate phosphorylation from one molecule of acetyl-CoA in the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is NOT characteristic of the enzyme acid phosphatase?

    <p>Low catalytic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the allosteric center of an enzyme?

    <p>A site for binding low-molecular substances differing from substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic process is activated by cocarboxylase to improve energy supply in heart diseases?

    <p>Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enzyme inhibitors?

    <p>Reducing the rate of enzymatic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme capable of accepting and donating electrons and protons along the pyrimidine ring?

    <p>Vitamin PP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active form of vitamin that is part of the aminotransferase enzyme?

    <p>Pyridoxal phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction does a derivative of vitamin PP participate in?

    <p>Dehydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes catabolism?

    <p>Break down of substances with release of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines anabolism in biochemical terms?

    <p>Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed during the second stage of glycolysis?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do barbiturates have on the electron transport chain?

    <p>They block electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substrate is involved in the mitochondrial stage of gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may occur due to disrupted oxygen supply to tissues?

    <p>Lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is known to cause an increase in blood glucose levels?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total amount of ATP produced during anaerobic glycolysis per mole of glucose?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the allosteric inhibitor of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase?

    <p>Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for glucose levels in human serum?

    <p>3.5 - 5.5 mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is necessary for the inactivation of biogenic amines?

    <p>DNMT (methyltransferase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct range for rectal temperature in Celsius?

    <p>37.2-37.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism helps maintain thermal homeostasis at an air temperature of 38°C?

    <p>Evaporation of sweat from the surface of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what time of day is the maximum daily body temperature usually observed?

    <p>16-18 hours of the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an incomplete protein?

    <p>Deficient in one or more amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive nitrogen balance indicate?

    <p>Nitrogen input is greater than output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is known to greatly increase heat production in the body?

    <p>Thyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the central thermoreceptors located?

    <p>Hypothalamus, midbrain RF, spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caloric coefficient of carbohydrates, in kcal?

    <p>4.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caloric coefficient of fats, in kcal?

    <p>9.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time is the minimum body temperature typically recorded?

    <p>at 03-04 am</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of direct calorimetry based on?

    <p>taking into account the amount of heat generated by the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the method of indirect calorimetry rely on?

    <p>calculating oxygen consumption and CO2 production per unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By how much does the basal metabolic rate (BMR) increase after eating a protein meal?

    <p>14-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a positive nitrogen balance?

    <p>body growth/increased intake of N2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effector center of physical thermoregulation primarily located?

    <p>posterior group of hypothalamic nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By how much does heat generation in muscles increase during heavy muscular work?

    <p>400%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coefficient of physical activity in individuals engaged in mental labor?

    <p>1.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true for cold receptors of the skin?

    <p>They have high speed of excitation and are located superficially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the end products of protein dissimilation?

    <p>Urea, uric acid, creatinine, indican</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy value of 1 gram of protein?

    <p>4.1 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is heat primarily released from the skin's surface at air temperatures above 34°C?

    <p>Evaporation of sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism regulates heat release by heat radiation?

    <p>Changing skin temperature through capillary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source in the body is responsible for ATP production?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biochemistry Metabolism Module

    • Proteolytic enzymes substrates: Proteins
    • Enzyme-substrate binding principle: Complementarity
    • Enzymes catalyzing intramolecular transfers: Transferases, Isomerases, Ligases, Hydrolases, Oxidoreductases
    • Pepsin activation process: Partial proteolysis
    • Holoenzyme components: Enzyme and coenzyme
    • Kinase function: Transfer of phosphate groups
    • Enzyme characteristics: Specificity, Insensitivity to pH, Thermal stability, No change after reaction completion
    • Allosteric center: Enzyme site where low-molecular substances bind (different structure from substrates)
    • Enzyme inhibitors: Substances decreasing reaction rates.
    • Direct participation in catalysis: Catalytic center
    • Substrate attachment site: Active center
    • Irreversible inhibitor function: Covalent bonds with enzyme molecule.

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    Metabolism Module Final PDF

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    Test your knowledge on the simultaneous processes of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Explore key concepts such as the Krebs cycle, enzyme functions, and energy production mechanisms. Perfect for students in biochemistry or related courses.

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