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Questions and Answers
What type of fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms?
What type of fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms?
Which group of macromolecules functions primarily as building materials for the body?
Which group of macromolecules functions primarily as building materials for the body?
What is the main component of the head of a phospholipid?
What is the main component of the head of a phospholipid?
What type of protein is primarily hydrophobic and does not dissolve in water?
What type of protein is primarily hydrophobic and does not dissolve in water?
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What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein?
What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein?
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Which of the following enhances the rate of chemical reactions and is a feature of globular proteins?
Which of the following enhances the rate of chemical reactions and is a feature of globular proteins?
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What is one characteristic of lipids related to their solubility?
What is one characteristic of lipids related to their solubility?
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What distinguishes unsaturated fats from saturated fats?
What distinguishes unsaturated fats from saturated fats?
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Which statement correctly describes inorganic compounds?
Which statement correctly describes inorganic compounds?
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What is the basic building block of carbohydrates?
What is the basic building block of carbohydrates?
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Which functional group is indicative of alcohols?
Which functional group is indicative of alcohols?
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What type of organic compound is primarily responsible for energy storage in living organisms?
What type of organic compound is primarily responsible for energy storage in living organisms?
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What is the molecular ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?
What is the molecular ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?
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How are polymers formed in organic compounds?
How are polymers formed in organic compounds?
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Which type of carbohydrate is formed from two monosaccharides?
Which type of carbohydrate is formed from two monosaccharides?
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Which is NOT a type of lipid?
Which is NOT a type of lipid?
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Flashcards
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids
Long chains of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms.
Saturated Fats
Saturated Fats
Fats with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
Unsaturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats
Fats containing one or more double/triple bonds between carbons.
Phospholipid
Phospholipid
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Proteins
Proteins
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Amino Acids
Amino Acids
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Fibrous Proteins
Fibrous Proteins
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Globular Proteins
Globular Proteins
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Biochemistry
Biochemistry
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Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
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Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
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Macromolecules
Macromolecules
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide
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Disaccharide
Disaccharide
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Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide
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Study Notes
Biochemistry
- Biochemistry is the study of the chemical composition and reactions in living matter.
- Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon, with exceptions including CO2, CO, and bicarbonates.
- Water is the most abundant and important inorganic material, making up 60-80% of cells and 2/3 of body weight.
Organic Compounds
- Organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Carbon is found in living and once-living things.
- Carbon atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds.
- Organic compounds consist of hundreds to thousands of individual molecules.
- Monomers are the single molecules in a polymer.
- Polymers are long molecules formed by repeating patterns of monomers.
Functional Groups
- A functional group is a group of atoms that characterize the structure of organic compounds.
- Functional groups influence the properties of organic compounds.
- Three important functional groups are amine (NH2), carboxyl (COOH), and hydroxyl (OH).
Macromolecules
- Four types of organic compounds (macromolecules) are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- These macromolecules are essential for life processes, including cell function, energy storage, homeostasis, and genetic information storage.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates form sugars and starches.
- They contain a hydroxyl (OH) group and atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- The ratio of atoms is 1C:2H:1O.
- Carbohydrates provide energy to cells and dissolve in water (hydrophilic).
- Carbohydrates are sized in three ways: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides are single sugars.
- Disaccharides are two sugars.
- Polysaccharides are many sugars linked together.
- Starch is a straight chain of glucose molecules with few branches, forming one type of polysaccharide.
Lipids
- Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes.
- They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Lipids typically contain two monomers, glycerol and fatty acids.
- Glycerol contains the hydroxyl (OH) group.
- Fatty acids contain the carboxyl (COOH) group.
- Lipids store energy and provide padding & protection.
- Lipids do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic), although some parts can dissolve in water.
- The H:O ratio is higher in lipids than in carbohydrates.
- Phospholipids are lipids found in cell membranes with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.
Fatty Acids
- Fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms.
- Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
- Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
Proteins
- Proteins are the building materials of the body (hair, skin, muscles, organs).
- Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
- Proteins contain amine (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) groups.
- The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
- Amino acid chains are called polypeptides.
- A single protein can contain one or more polypeptide chains.
- Amino acids are connected by peptide bonds.
- Proteins like enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, speeding them up.
- Almost all biological processes rely on enzymes.
- Two types of proteins are fibrous and globular. Fibrous proteins are generally insoluble in water (e.g., hair, skin) while globular proteins are soluble in water (e.g., enzymes, hormones).
- Keratins are a family of fibrous proteins.
Amino Acids
- Amino acids consist of a carbon atom bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group).
- Different amino acids have different R groups, leading to unique properties.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, including the differences between inorganic and organic compounds, their structures, and functional groups. This quiz covers essential topics such as the importance of water and the role of carbon in living organisms.
