Biochemistry of Connective Tissues

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What is the primary function of connective tissue?

To support, bind, or separate other tissues or organs (correct)
To conduct nerve impulses
To filter waste and excess fluids
To produce hormones and enzymes

What is the most abundant and varied type of tissue in the body?

Connective tissue (correct)
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue

What is the main function of collagen fibers in connective tissue?

To provide elasticity to the tissue
To insulate the body
To store fuel reserves
To provide strength to the tissue (correct)

What is the name of the protein that makes up elastic fibers?

Elastin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ground substance composed of?

Both organic and inorganic substances (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cell that makes fibers in connective tissue?

Fibroblast (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dense regular connective tissue?

To provide support and stability (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of elastic fibers in connective tissue?

To allow for stretching and recoil (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of elastic fibers in tissues?

To provide flexibility (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of reticular fibers?

To support the tissue and other organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the density of the matrix in connective tissues?

The concentration of cells or fibers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of proteoglycans in connective tissues?

Not mentioned in the text (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of glycoproteins in connective tissues?

To facilitate adhesion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fibrous proteins?

They are mostly water insoluble (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibrous proteins in the body?

To play a protective or supportive role (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of fibrous proteins?

Collagen, keratin and elastin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is found in cartilage?

Type II (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of collagen forms a network or meshwork in the basement membrane?

Type IV (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs outside the cell during collagen biosynthesis?

Secretion of procollagen molecule from Golgi vacuole (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of collagen?

Collagenase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen synthesis?

Vitamin C (B) Signup and view all the answers

Elastic fibers are composed of elastin and what other component?

Glycoprotein microfibrils (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which tissues is elastin found in large amounts?

Walls of large arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Type XII collagen?

Linking fibrils to other components (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are predominantly non-polar and found in elastin?

Alanine, glycine, valine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor of elastin?

Tropoelastin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for degrading elastin?

Elastase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits elastase?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the stability of keratin?

Cystines (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutations commonly cause osteogenesis imperfecta?

Single base substitutions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which collagen type is affected in osteogenesis imperfecta?

Type I (C) Signup and view all the answers

What unique appearance might the sclerae have in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta?

Blue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Type 1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

Decreased production of α-1 and α-2 chains (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

Loose joints and stretchy skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major cause of early death in patients with Type 2 Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

Pulmonary hypoplasia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is crucial for inhibiting neutrophil elastase?

α₁-Antitrypsin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutation is most commonly seen in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

Type III collagen gene mutation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of mutations in Type 2 Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

Substitution of glycine with amino acids containing bulky side chains (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of elastase?

Degrades elastin of alveolar walls (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition may result from a deficiency in lysyl-hydroxylase?

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers