Biochemistry of Bioelements and Water
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Questions and Answers

Which elements are considered primary bioelements in living organisms?

  • Sulfur, Phosphorus, Nitrogen
  • Iron, Zinc, Fluorine
  • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
  • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulfur (correct)

    • What percentage of living matter do trace elements (oligoelements) account for?

  • 0.1% (correct)
  • 0.01%
  • 5%
  • 1%

    • Which property is NOT associated with the main bioelements suited for life?

  • Low atomic mass
  • Ability to form covalent bonds
  • High abundance
  • High solvency in organic solvents (correct)

    • Which organic biomolecules are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oligoelements such as iron and zinc in living organisms?

    <p>Regulating biological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural composition of water?

    <p>Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does water begin to exhibit a crystalline structure due to decreased density?

    <p>4°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water is attributed to its high molecular cohesion?

    <p>High surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biological function of dissolved salts in living organisms?

    <p>Regulating pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do precipitated salts play in biological systems?

    <p>They contribute to structural formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in temperature regulation in living organisms?

    <p>It absorbs and releases heat to help regulate body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example best illustrates the function of water in metabolic reactions?

    <p>Participating in photosynthesis in plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of substance transportation, what is a primary feature of water?

    <p>It has a high capacity for dissolving various substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of water's protective function in living beings?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid cushioning the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is water NOT primarily involved in?

    <p>Neural impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osmosis in cells?

    <p>To allow solvent to pass through a semipermeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hypertonic medium, what initial effect occurs to a red blood cell?

    <p>The cell shrinks as it loses water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a red blood cell placed in a hypotonic medium?

    <p>It will swell and potentially burst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes an isotonic medium?

    <p>Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does water movement occur during osmosis?

    <p>From higher water concentration to lower water concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs with water movement across a membrane in an isotonic medium?

    <p>Water moves in both directions equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an isotonic medium, what drives the movement of water across the cell membrane?

    <p>Concentration gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the dynamic in an isotonic medium?

    <p>Water movement is consistently equal in both directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would water movement change if the medium became hypotonic?

    <p>Water would move inwards, potentially causing cell swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an isotonic medium from a hypertonic medium regarding water movement?

    <p>Water moves towards areas of higher solute concentration in hypertonic media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in a hypertonic medium regarding the cell's water content?

    <p>Water leaves the cell, causing dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to plant cells in a hypotonic medium?

    <p>They fill vacuoles with water, increasing turgor pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an isotonic medium?

    <p>Water moves out of the cell without affecting its size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plant cells not burst in a hypotonic medium unlike red blood cells?

    <p>Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents bursting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the vacuoles of a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic medium?

    <p>The vacuoles fill with water, increasing pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles of bicarbonate in biological fluids?

    <p>To regulate the pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bicarbonate help prevent drastic changes in pH?

    <p>By absorbing protons when acid levels rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bicarbonate when there is an excess of base in biological fluids?

    <p>It acts as a proton donor, decreasing acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the dissociation of bicarbonate?

    <p>$HCO_3^−$ can accept protons to form $CO_3^{2-}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which other compounds, besides bicarbonate, are crucial for maintaining pH in biological fluids?

    <p>Phosphate and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of water when it freezes?

    <p>It decreases, causing it to float on liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does water's high specific heat capacity affect living organisms?

    <p>It helps in maintaining stable temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of water allows it to dissolve many substances effectively?

    <p>Its polarity as an excellent solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cohesion important for water's role in biological systems?

    <p>It contributes to the transport of nutrients and fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows some organisms to move across the surface of water?

    <p>The high surface tension of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does capillary action primarily benefit plants?

    <p>By allowing water to rise from roots to leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary biological function of water's high heat of vaporization?

    <p>To facilitate temperature regulation through cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combined effect of cohesion and adhesion in water allows nutrient transport in organisms?

    <p>Capillary action and strong hydrogen bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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