Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about prions is true?
Which of the following statements about prions is true?
- Prions are infectious proteins that can cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases. (correct)
- Prions are viruses that cause brain infections.
- Prions are a type of bacteria that can infect the brain.
- Prions are composed of DNA and RNA, and they can replicate independently.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an enzyme?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an enzyme?
- Enzymes can lower the activation energy of a reaction.
- Enzymes can be highly specific for their substrates.
- Enzymes can change the equilibrium constant of a reaction. (correct)
- Enzymes can accelerate the rate of a reaction.
Which of the following statements about the Michaelis-Menten equation is false?
Which of the following statements about the Michaelis-Menten equation is false?
- Km represents the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of the maximum velocity.
- Vmax represents the maximum rate of the reaction.
- The Michaelis-Menten equation describes the relationship between the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and the concentration of the enzyme. (correct)
- Kcat represents the turnover number, which is the number of substrate molecules converted to product per unit time by a single enzyme molecule.
Which of the following is not a type of inhibitor that can affect enzyme activity?
Which of the following is not a type of inhibitor that can affect enzyme activity?
Which of the following statements about protein structure is true?
Which of the following statements about protein structure is true?
Which of the following is not a type of transporter protein?
Which of the following is not a type of transporter protein?
Which of the following is not a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Which of the following is not a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Flashcards
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound.
Protein structure
Protein structure
The specific three-dimensional arrangement of amino acids in a protein, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
Enzyme substrate interactions
Enzyme substrate interactions
The specific binding of an enzyme to its substrate to catalyze a reaction.
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
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Lipids
Lipids
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Transporter proteins
Transporter proteins
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Chirality
Chirality
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Amphiphiles
Amphiphiles
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Study Notes
Module 1
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Chapter 1: Covers hydrolysis, compartmentation, natural selection, evolution, cell sizes, components, and differences between viruses, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. Also includes thermodynamics and units.
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Chapter 2: Focuses on hydrophobic effects, osmosis, water structure and properties, bonding types (hydrogen, London dispersion, hydrophobic, ionic), pKa, pH values, amphiphiles, ion mobility, and Kw values.
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Chapter 3: Details amino acids (structure, groupings, pKas, modifications), protein structure, amino acid pairings, chirality, zwitterions, peptide formation, and drugs.
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Chapter 4: Examines protein structure (alpha-helix, beta-sheets, beta-strands, beta-harpin, disulfides, folding), oligomeric and globular proteins, collagen, Alzheimer's plaques, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, prions, and 3D protein structural determination.
Module 2
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Chapter 9: Covers catalysis, enzyme-substrate interactions, lysozymes, serine proteases (steps, tetrahedral intermediate), RNase, enzyme classification, delta-G, transition states, nucleophilicity, and metalloenzymes.
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Chapter 10: Focuses on Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km, Kcat, Vmax, Vo), inhibitors (types, plots, Ki), non-covalent modifications, regulation, reaction order, rate of elementary reactions, and ATCase T and R states.
Module 3
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Chapter 5: Details sugar structures (structures, isomers, polymers), amylopectin, amylose, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan, glycosylation, hemiacetals, uronic acid, sialic acid, and peptidoglycans. Also covers artificial sweeteners.
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Chapter 7: Examines lipids (structures, locations, properties), cholesterol, and lipid bilayers.
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Chapter 8: Explores transporters (types, uses, differences, common molecules used/can pass through), neurotransmitters, gap junctions, diffusion, and aquaporins.
Additional Topics from Module 3
- Transmembrane proteins: Micelles, Adipocytes, Biconcave, Fluid mosaic model, Translocon, Vitamin D, SNARE, I-Cells, Botox, Clathrin, Endocytosis, and Palmitolyation.
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