Biochemistry Matching Quiz

Nucleotide = Subunit of nucleic acids Amino acid = Subunit of proteins Peptide bond = Link between amino acids Nucleic acid = Polymer of nucleotides

DNA = Double-stranded RNA = Single-stranded mRNA = Messenger RNA type tRNA = Transfer RNA type

Enzymes = Control chemical reaction rates Antibodies = Fight disease Transport proteins = Move substances across membranes Structural proteins = Provide support and shape

<p>Polypeptide = Long chain of amino acids 3-D shape = Determined by amino acid sequence Denaturation = Loss of protein shape Synthesis = Formation of proteins from amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon = Found in all amino acids Nitrogen = Essential for amino acid structure Sulfur = Present in some amino acids, like cysteine Oxygen = Found in amino acid functional groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration Synthesis = The production of larger molecules by joining simpler molecules, removing water. Hydrolysis = The break down of larger molecules into subunits, using water. Monomers = Single subunits that join to form larger molecules. Polymers = Larger molecules formed by the joining of monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration Synthesis = A water molecule is formed as a product. Hydrolysis = A water molecule is used in the reaction. Digestion = Another name for hydrolysis. Formation of Glucose Polymers = Occurs through dehydration synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joining Monomers = Used in dehydration synthesis. Breaking Down Polymers = Achieved through hydrolysis. Water in Reaction = Released in dehydration synthesis. Water in Digestion = Required in hydrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy storage = Used to store energy long-term. Cell membranes = Part of cell membranes (in all organisms). Waterproof coverings = Provide waterproof coverings for some organisms. Insulation = Provide insulation and cushioning for organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose Monomers = Joined by dehydration synthesis. Larger Molecules = Broken down by hydrolysis. Chemical Reactions = Conditional on water usage. Subunit Formation = Requires hydrolysis for breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration Synthesis = Larger polymers created. Hydrolysis = Subunits are released. Water Produced = Results from dehydration synthesis. Water Consumed = Occurs during hydrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fats = Examples of lipids. Oils = Sources include oils, butter, and nuts. Waxes = Provide waterproofing. Steroids = Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids = Contain C, H, and O. Nucleic Acids = Contain C, H, O, N, and P. Proteins = Contain C, H, O, and N. Carbohydrates = Contain C, H, and O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis = Conversion of light energy to chemical energy using CO₂ and H₂O Hydrolysis = Breakdown of polymers into monomers using water Synthesis reaction = Building new macromolecules from monomers Macromolecules = Large molecules formed from smaller building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-carbon sugar = Part of the nucleotide that varies in RNA and DNA. Phosphate group = Links nucleotides together. Nitrogenous base = Stores genetic information. Nucleotide = Building block of nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic information = Store and transmit genetic information. Nucleotide subunits = Made of nucleotide subunits, each containing three parts. Phosphate group = Part of the nucleotides that connects to the sugar. Nitrogenous base = Varies between DNA and RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide = Glucose Water = Oxygen Chlorophyll = Essential for photosynthesis Light energy = Used to drive the photosynthetic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates = Sugars Lipids = Fats and oils Proteins = Amino acids Nucleic acids = Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorophyll = Absorbs light energy Glucose = Energy storage molecule Oxygen = Byproduct of photosynthesis Carbon dioxide = Primary reactant in photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers = Large molecules made up of repeating units Monomers = Building blocks of polymers Digestion = Process of breaking down food into usable molecules Synthesis = Process of creating complex molecules from simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose = A simple sugar used for energy Starch = A polymer of glucose found in plants Cellulose = A structural component in plant cell walls Glycogen = A storage form of glucose in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides = Single sugar molecules like glucose Disaccharides = Formed by two sugar molecules Polysaccharides = Many sugar units bonded together Simple sugars = Easily digestible carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon = One atom in a 1:2:1 ratio Hydrogen = Two atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio Oxygen = One atom in a 1:2:1 ratio Sugar = Combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex carbohydrates = Made of many small sugars bonded Quick energy source = Primary function of carbohydrates Dehydration synthesis = Process to form polymers ATP energy = Produced by glucose during respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animals = Do not produce starch or cellulose Cellulose = Found in plant structural cells Starch = Commonly found in potatoes Glucose = Chemical formula is $C_6H_{12}O_6$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates = Monosaccharides Lipids = Fatty acids and glycerol Proteins = Amino acids Nucleic acids = Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates = Quick energy source Lipids = Long-term energy storage Proteins = Building blocks of tissues Nucleic acids = Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose = Carbohydrate Triglycerides = Lipid Hemoglobin = Protein DNA = Nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon = Can form up to 4 bonds Oxygen = Typically forms 2 bonds Hydrogen = Forms 1 bond Nitrogen = Typically forms 3 bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers