Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between DNA and RNA?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between DNA and RNA?
- DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil, while RNA uses thymine.
- DNA is typically double-stranded, while RNA is typically single-stranded. (correct)
- DNA contains ribose sugar, while RNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
- DNA is primarily found in the cytoplasm, while RNA is primarily found in the nucleus.
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by raising the activation energy.
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by raising the activation energy.
False (B)
Describe the central dogma of biology.
Describe the central dogma of biology.
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
In a nucleotide, the sugar is attached to a ______ base and a phosphate group.
In a nucleotide, the sugar is attached to a ______ base and a phosphate group.
Match the macromolecule with its corresponding monomer:
Match the macromolecule with its corresponding monomer:
Which type of bond is primarily responsible for holding the two strands of a DNA molecule together?
Which type of bond is primarily responsible for holding the two strands of a DNA molecule together?
Competitive inhibition involves an inhibitor binding to a site on the enzyme that is not the active site.
Competitive inhibition involves an inhibitor binding to a site on the enzyme that is not the active site.
The reaction between an acid and a base is called a ______ reaction, which produces water and a salt.
The reaction between an acid and a base is called a ______ reaction, which produces water and a salt.
What is the primary goal when the body processes the four macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)? Relate it to growth and development.
What is the primary goal when the body processes the four macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)? Relate it to growth and development.
Which characteristic primarily determines whether a hormone is likely to be lipid-based?
Which characteristic primarily determines whether a hormone is likely to be lipid-based?
Flashcards
What are lactose and lactase?
What are lactose and lactase?
Lactose is a disaccharide sugar derived from galactose and glucose that is found in milk. Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose.
Mono, di, and polysaccharides
Mono, di, and polysaccharides
Monosaccharides are simple sugars, disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined, and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides. Common polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. We can digest starch, but not cellulose.
DNA/RNA store information?
DNA/RNA store information?
DNA stores genetic information, while RNA transmits it. DNA is like the blueprint, RNA is like the messenger.
Building blocks of proteins?
Building blocks of proteins?
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A, T, G, and C bonds?
A, T, G, and C bonds?
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Cell membrane constituents?
Cell membrane constituents?
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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
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Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic
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Central dogma of biology?
Central dogma of biology?
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Condensation vs. Hydrolysis
Condensation vs. Hydrolysis
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Study Notes
- Lactose is what? How lactase works is what? Why are some people lactose intolerant?
- Identify general chemical structures of macromolecules, including their functions
- Difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides has to be explained, alongside common polysaccharides. It should be indicated which can or cannot be digested.
- List common saccharides, and classify their types.
- Determine the source of table sugar.
- Determine the test to determine the presence of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
- DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information.
- Identify polar and non-polar macromolecules.
- Determine the number of essential and non-essential amino acids.
- Recognize the steps involved in protein creation including folding.
- Identify base pairs in DNA and RNA.
- Recognize the building blocks of proteins.
- Be able to sketch a nucleotide and an amino acid with an R group.
- Determine the number of bonds between A and T, and G and C, and identify the type of bond holding the rungs of DNA together, in addition to the rails or backbone.
- List factors affecting enzyme activity.
- Sketch and explain enzyme-substrate binding, including allosteric interaction , and know the difference between non-competitive and competitive inhibition.
- Types of bonds found in biological macromolecules, need to be identified, (intramolecular). Identify those types of bonds as well, that bind them together (intermolecular).
- List all constituents of a cell membrane.
- Comparison and contrast between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Explain the differences between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.
- Define the central dogma of biology.
- Recognize the main functions of cell organelles.
- How are DNA and RNA different?
- Comparison, contrast and utility of condensation and hydrolysis reactions.
- Describe enzyme function.
- Recognize the reaction between an acid and a base and identify the products.
- Comparison and contrast between endocytosis and exocytosis.
- Comparison and contrast between fats, proteins, NA and carbs.
- Comparison and contrast between active transport, passive transport, and osmosis.
- Explain why fast-acting hormones are typically lipid-based.
- Identify the goal when eating all four macromolecules relating it to growth and development.
- Describe the function of proteins.
- How does an enzyme work using the lock and key analogy, including how they impact chemical reactions.
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