33 Questions
What is the primary location where B cells develop in adults?
Bone marrow
What is the estimated number of different antibody molecules that human B cells can produce?
10^12
What is the name of the theory that explains how B cells produce a vast diversity of specific antibodies?
Clonal selection theory
What are the organs where T and B cells are activated by foreign antigens?
Peripheral lymphoid organs
What are the cells from which both T and B cells develop?
Common lymphoid progenitor cells
What is the term for the process by which an animal generates a vast diversity of lymphocytes and then selects for activation?
Clonal selection
What is the primary function of Cytochemical analysis in haematology?
To assess malignancies
What is the characteristic of megaloblastic anaemia?
Production of big red blood cells that do not function properly
What is the primary difference between a bone marrow aspirate and a trephine biopsy?
The type of information obtained
What is the purpose of immunophenotyping in haematology?
To differentiate white blood cells from one another
What is the characteristic of sideroblastic anaemia?
Inability to utilise iron in the production of red blood cells
What is the primary sampling method that preserves bone marrow architecture?
Trephine biopsy
What is the primary function of lysozymes in the innate immune response?
To break down peptidoglycan in bacteria
What is the term for the proportion of red blood cells in the blood?
Haematocrit
What is the purpose of a reference range in blood test results?
To determine the healthy range for a specific analyte
What is the function of the membrane attack complex in the innate immune response?
To form a hole in the pathogen's cell membrane
What type of immune response is carried out by lymphocytes?
Adaptive immune response
What is the unit of measurement for cholesterol levels?
mmol/L
Where does the synthesis of Haem take place?
In both the mitochondria and cytoplasm
What is the function of Haem?
To bind to iron and release oxygen
What is the result of a mutation in the enzymes or transporters involved in Haem synthesis?
Disease
What is the role of ferrocheletase in Haem synthesis?
To catalyze the incorporation of Fe2+
Where does the incorporation of Fe2+ into protoporphyrin 9 occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix
What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system causes damage to the liver in Hepatitis B infections?
Immune-mediated damage through recognition of surface antigens
What is the primary route of transmission for HIV from mother to child?
Vertical transmission during pregnancy
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in HIV replication?
Transcribing viral RNA into DNA
What is the difference between a viral genotype and serotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic material, while serotype refers to the viral surface antigens
What is the estimated percentage of HIV positive mothers who transmit the infection to their child during pregnancy or delivery?
15-30%
What is the primary cause of symptoms in Hepatitis B infections?
Immune-mediated damage through recognition of surface antigens
What is the primary method of transmission for Hepatitis C?
Horizontal transmission through contact with infected blood
What is the estimated percentage of acute Hepatitis C infections that progress to chronic infections?
80%
What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system is compromised in HIV infections?
Direct attack on immune cells by the virus
What is the primary role of nucleic acid screening in blood transfusions?
Detecting viral genetic material
Test your knowledge of biochemistry laboratory principles, including full blood count, and its associated analytes. Learn the abbreviations and definitions of WBC, Hb, HCT, RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC.
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