Biochemistry Laboratory: Full Blood Count

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What is the primary location where B cells develop in adults?

Spleen
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow (correct)
Thymus

What is the estimated number of different antibody molecules that human B cells can produce?

10^10
10^12 (correct)
10^6
10^15

What is the name of the theory that explains how B cells produce a vast diversity of specific antibodies?

Antigen-presenting theory
Antibody diversity theory
Clonal selection theory (correct)
Immune response theory

What are the organs where T and B cells are activated by foreign antigens?

Peripheral lymphoid organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells from which both T and B cells develop?

Common lymphoid progenitor cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which an animal generates a vast diversity of lymphocytes and then selects for activation?

Clonal selection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Cytochemical analysis in haematology?

To assess malignancies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of megaloblastic anaemia?

Production of big red blood cells that do not function properly (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a bone marrow aspirate and a trephine biopsy?

The type of information obtained (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immunophenotyping in haematology?

To differentiate white blood cells from one another (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of sideroblastic anaemia?

Inability to utilise iron in the production of red blood cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sampling method that preserves bone marrow architecture?

Trephine biopsy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysozymes in the innate immune response?

To break down peptidoglycan in bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the proportion of red blood cells in the blood?

Haematocrit (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a reference range in blood test results?

To determine the healthy range for a specific analyte (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the membrane attack complex in the innate immune response?

To form a hole in the pathogen's cell membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response is carried out by lymphocytes?

Adaptive immune response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for cholesterol levels?

mmol/L (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the synthesis of Haem take place?

In both the mitochondria and cytoplasm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Haem?

To bind to iron and release oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a mutation in the enzymes or transporters involved in Haem synthesis?

Disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ferrocheletase in Haem synthesis?

To catalyze the incorporation of Fe2+ (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the incorporation of Fe2+ into protoporphyrin 9 occur?

In the mitochondrial matrix (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system causes damage to the liver in Hepatitis B infections?

Immune-mediated damage through recognition of surface antigens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of transmission for HIV from mother to child?

Vertical transmission during pregnancy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in HIV replication?

Transcribing viral RNA into DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a viral genotype and serotype?

Genotype refers to the genetic material, while serotype refers to the viral surface antigens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of HIV positive mothers who transmit the infection to their child during pregnancy or delivery?

15-30% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of symptoms in Hepatitis B infections?

Immune-mediated damage through recognition of surface antigens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for Hepatitis C?

Horizontal transmission through contact with infected blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of acute Hepatitis C infections that progress to chronic infections?

80% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system is compromised in HIV infections?

Direct attack on immune cells by the virus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nucleic acid screening in blood transfusions?

Detecting viral genetic material (A) Signup and view all the answers