Biochemistry Quiz: Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways

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Questions and Answers

What is the pH optimum for pepsin?

1.0-2.0 (correct)

9.0-10.0

4.0-5.0

7.0-8.0

What is the role of N-acetylglutamate in the urea cycle?

Activator of allosteric enzymes

Precursor of ammonia

Inhibitor of carbonyl phosphate synthesis

Activator of urea synthesis (correct)

Which enzyme is formed from trypsin?

Elastase

Pepsin

Carboxypeptidase

Chymotrypsin (correct)

What is the end product of protein digestion in the G.I.T.?

Amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH for the enzyme rennin?

8.0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the substance required for the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin?

HCL Signup and view all the answers

Where are the main sites for oxidative deamination located?

Liver and kidney Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular component are the enzymes of urea synthesis found?

Both mitochondria and cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of N-acetyl glutamate in urea synthesis?

An enzyme activator Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for controlling the urea cycle?

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase Signup and view all the answers

What is the major end product of protein nitrogen metabolism in humans?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ceruloplasmin in the body?

Transporting copper from the intestinal cells to the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct about sodium and chloride?

They are primarily involved in maintaining osmotic equilibrium and body fluid volume Signup and view all the answers

How is NH3 detoxified in the brain?

Converted to glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of natural fluoride?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is involved in the enzyme-controlled energy-yielding reactions of metabolism?

Phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is required as a compound of blood hemoglobin?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What can enhance the absorption of iron from a breakfast of cereal?

Orange juice Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is essential for the development of sound teeth with resistance to tooth decay?

Fluoride ion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is necessary for the clotting of blood and functions of certain enzymes?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic consumption of excess selenium?

brittle hair and nails Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mineralocorticoids in the body?

Increase the tubular secretion of Sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of manganese in the body?

both (a) and (b) Signup and view all the answers

Where does protein digestion begin in the human body?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of the antisense RNA corresponding to the mRNA sequence 'ATP'?

5'-UACAAAUCGCGG-3' Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for forming phosphodiester bonds between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

DNA ligase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ubiquitin in a cell?

It is a short peptide sequence that marks proteins for degradation Signup and view all the answers

In which step of protein digestion does hydrochloric acid play a role?

Activating trypsinogen Signup and view all the answers

Where is ubiquitin found in cells?

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestive Enzymes

Pepsin is formed from pepsinogen by the action of HCL, and its optimum pH is 1.0-2.0.
Chymotrypsin is not formed from trypsin, and its optimum pH is around 7.
Trypsin is formed from trypsinogen by enterokinase, and its optimum pH is 8-9.
Rennin's optimal pH is 2.0-4.0.

Protein Digestion

Pepsin acts on denatured proteins to produce proteoses and peptones.
Trypsin hydrolyses peptide bonds involving basic amino acids.
Chymotrypsin hydrolyses peptide bonds involving aromatic amino acids.
Elastase is an endopeptidase that hydrolyses peptide bonds involving non-polar amino acids.

Urea Synthesis

The enzymes of urea synthesis are found in both mitochondria and cytosol.
N-acetylglutamate is an activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in urea synthesis.
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase is controlled by N-acetylglutamate.
Ornithine transcarbamoylase catalyzes the transfer of the carbonyl moiety from carbamoyl phosphate to ornithine.

Minerals and Vitamins

Copper is involved in the enzyme-controlled energy-yielding reactions of metabolism.
Iron is involved in hemoglobin synthesis and is aided by copper.
Calcium is involved in blood clotting, functions of certain enzymes, and control of fluids through cell membranes.
Phosphorus is involved in energy-yielding reactions, protein synthesis, and nucleic acid synthesis.
Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract.
Fluoride is essential for the development of sound teeth with resistance to tooth decay.

Other

Selenium deficiency leads to liver necrosis.
Chronic consumption of excess selenium can lead to brittle hair and nails.
Manganese is needed for normal bone structure and reproduction and functioning of the central nervous system.
Egg is rich in cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and calcium, but is deficient in vitamin C.

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Description

Test your knowledge of biochemistry with this quiz on enzymes, metabolic pathways, and their mechanisms. Questions cover topics such as urea synthesis, pepsin, and pancreatic juice.