Biochemistry Chapter: Immunoglobulins
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Questions and Answers

Where are carbohydrates usually attached to in most immunoglobulins?

  • NH2 domain
  • COOH domain
  • CH2 domain (correct)
  • CO domain

    • What is the basis of classification of human immunoglobulins into five classes?

  • Carbohydrate content
  • Antigenic determinants
  • Light chains
  • Heavy chains (correct)

    • Which immunoglobulin exists as a monomer, dimer, or pentamer?

  • IgA (correct)
  • IgG
  • IgM
  • IgE

    • What is the primary function of IgE?

    <p>Mediation of allergic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin is responsible for transplacental passage?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IgD?

    <p>B-cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin has the highest serum concentration?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IgA?

    <p>Protection of mucosal tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells produce immunoglobulins?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds link the heavy and light chains together in immunoglobulins?

    <p>Disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In immunoglobulins, what does the 'VL' region stand for?

    <p>Variable Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hinge region of an antibody provides which characteristic?

    <p>Flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar mass range of the heavy chains in immunoglobulins?

    <p>53-75 kDa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions are found in a light chain of immunoglobulins?

    <p>VL and CL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of immunoglobulins?

    <p>Binding and destroying specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions based on amino acid sequences variability are found in the heavy chain of immunoglobulins?

    <p>VH and CH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunoglobulins

    • Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells, a critical component of the immune response.
    • They recognize, bind, and destroy specific antigens such as bacteria or viruses.
    • Immunoglobulins function as antibodies.

    Structure of Immunoglobulins

    • Each immunoglobulin has a 4-chain structure consisting of 2 identical heavy chains (53-75 kDa) and 2 identical light chains (23 kDa).
    • Heavy and light chains are linked together by disulfide bonds.
    • Disulfide bonds include inter-chain disulfide bonds (between polypeptide chains) and intra-chain disulfide bonds (within polypeptide chains).

    Regions of Immunoglobulins

    • Variable (V) regions: VL (Variable Light) and VH (Variable Heavy) with variable amino acid sequences.
    • Constant (C) regions: CL (Constant Light) and CH (Constant Heavy) with constant amino acid sequences.

    Domains of Immunoglobulins

    • Light Chain Domains: VL and CL.
    • Heavy Chain Domains: VH, CH1 to CH3 (or CH4).

    Hinge Region

    • The hinge region is where the arms of the antibody molecule form a Y, allowing for flexibility in the molecule.

    Types of Immunoglobulins

    • IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
    • IgG: monomer, 75% serum, 1000 serum concentration.
    • IgA: monomer or dimer, 15% serum, 200 serum concentration.
    • IgM: pentamer, 9% serum, 120 serum concentration.
    • IgD: monomer, 0.2% serum, 3 serum concentration.
    • IgE: monomer, 0.04% serum, 0.05 serum concentration.

    Functions of Immunoglobulins

    • Ag binding: binds to specific antigenic determinants, protecting the host.
    • Effector functions: fixation of complement, opsonization of bacteria, and binding to various cells.

    Major Functions of Immunoglobulins

    • Complement fixation: IgG, IgM.
    • Transplacental passage: IgG.
    • Mediation of allergic response: IgE.
    • Protection of mucosal tissues: IgA.
    • Opsonization: IgG.
    • B-cell activation: IgD.
    • Ag receptor on B-cell: IgM.

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    Learn about the major features, structure, and types of immunoglobulins in this biochemistry quiz. Test your knowledge on immunoglobulins and more.

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