أسئلة المحاضرة الخامسة بيو (قبل التعديل)

<p>Choline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphingomyelin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transportation of lipids in blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chylomicrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signal transduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free cholesterol and phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By attaching to proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphingomyelin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient secretion of lecithin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents lung collapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphingosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is formed from sphingosine and a fatty acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical insulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory distress syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gangliosides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate compound in biosynthesis of phosphoglycerides and triglycerides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Di-palmitoyl lecithin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assist in blood coagulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiolipin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide substrate for synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerberosides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphipathic nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mainly triglycerides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By binding lipids to water-soluble proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiolipin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serves as a lipotropic agent to prevent fatty liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung collapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents lung collapse by reducing surface tension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of cholesterol from tissues to liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serve as an electrical insulator in the myelin sheath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient surfactant leading to respiratory distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate (PIP2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chylomicrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphingosine and phosphoric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate lipid recognition and signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory distress syndrome due to lung collapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphingolipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gangliosides possess an oligosaccharide chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of sphingosine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical insulators with signaling roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lecithin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assist in cell signaling and recognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphingomyelin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cis double bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two fatty acid chains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of phospholipid where the glycerol backbone is linked to two fatty acids, phosphate, and inositol.

A type of phospholipid with an ether linkage at position 1 of the glycerol backbone.

A phospholipid found exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, consisting of two phosphatidic acid molecules linked by a glycerol molecule.

The precursor molecule for various phosphoglycerides and triglycerides.

A type of phospholipid found in cell membranes, serving as an important constituent of biological membranes and playing a role in cell signalling pathways.

A type of phospholipid that is also known as phosphatidylethanolamine, playing a role in blood clotting, along with plasmalogens.

A complex sphingolipid with a single sugar molecule (like glucose or galactose) attached to the sphingosine base.

A complex glycolipid with several sugar molecules attached to the sphingosine base.

A type of compound lipid found in the body, composed of a lipid part (triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids) and a protein part (apolipoproteins α or β).

A lipoprotein that transports exogenous lipids (lipids from the diet) from the small intestine to other tissues.

A lipoprotein that transports endogenous lipids (lipids synthesized by the body) from the liver to other tissues.

A lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver (reverse cholesterol transport).

A lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the liver to tissues.

A compound lipid that forms a major component of cell membranes.

A type of glycolipid that contains a sulfate group at position C3 of galactose. Found in brain and nervous tissue.

Compound lipids are complex molecules made up of fatty acids, alcohols (like glycerol or sphingosine), and other groups such as phosphoric acid, sugars, sulfate, or proteins.

The four major types of compound lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, and lipoproteins.

Phospholipids are compound lipids that contain phosphoric acid.

Phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelins are the two main types of phospholipids.

Phosphoglycerides contain glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and a nitrogenous base (such as choline, serine, or ethanolamine).

Lecithin and cephalin are examples of phosphoglycerides.

Sphingomyelin contains sphingosine, an unsaturated fatty acid, phosphoric acid, and a choline base.

Sphingomyelin is especially important for forming the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve cells.

A type of lipid composed of sphingosine, a long-chain fatty acid, and a head group.

The simplest sphingolipid, consisting of sphingosine and a fatty acid.

A sphingolipid that acts as an electrical insulator in the nervous system. It contains choline, a phosphate group, and ceramide.

A type of cerebroside with a sulfate group attached to the sugar.

A condition affecting premature babies where their lungs lack sufficient pulmonary surfactant, leading to respiratory distress.

A phospholipid (lecithin) that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli, preventing lung collapse.

A type of phospholipid with an ether linkage at position 1 of the glycerol backbone.

A phospholipid found exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, consisting of two phosphatidic acid molecules linked by a glycerol molecule.

The precursor molecule for various phosphoglycerides and triglycerides.

A lipotropic agent that prevents fatty liver.

They are amphipathic (hydrophilic part + hydrophobic part ) which help : Formation of lipid bilayer in cell membrane. Help T.G absorption in small intestine (micelle). Help T.G transport in blood (lipoprotein).

A type of sphingolipid with a single sugar molecule (like glucose or galactose) attached to the sphingosine base.

A complex glycolipid with several sugar molecules attached to the sphingosine base.

A phospholipid that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli, preventing lung collapse. In pre-mature infant the lung alveoli do not secrete lecithin in sufficient amount  lung collapse ( respiratory distress syndrome ).

They are a key component of cell membranes, functioning as a structural component and playing a role in cell signaling.

It forms the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve cells and allows for rapid electrical signaling.

They are compound lipids that contain sugars, playing a role in cell recognition and signaling.

Containing a sulfate group, they are found in brain and nervous tissue, playing a role in cell signaling and myelin sheath formation.

A type of compound lipid that forms a major component of cell membranes. These lipids are composed of a lipid part (triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids) and a protein part (apolipoproteins α or β).

A type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting exogenous lipids (lipids from the diet) from the small intestine to other tissues.

A type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting endogenous lipids (lipids synthesized by the body) from the liver to other tissues.

A type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol from tissues to the liver (reverse cholesterol transport).

A type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to tissues.

A type of glycolipid containing a sulfate group at position C3 of galactose. It is found in brain and nervous tissue.

A complex sphingolipid with a single sugar molecule (like glucose or galactose) attached to the sphingosine base. They are found in brain and nervous tissue.

A type of cerebroside with a sulfate group attached to the sugar. It functions as an electrical insulator in nervous tissue, and is also a receptor for some hormones and cholera toxin.

A type of compound lipid that consists of a sphingosine backbone, a fatty acid, and a polar head group. The head group can be a sugar (glycolipid), a phosphate group (sphingomyelin), or a sulfate group (sulfolipid).

Ceramides are the simplest sphingolipids, consisting of only a sphingosine backbone and a fatty acid. They are crucial for forming other sphingolipids and play a role in cell signaling.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a condition primarily affecting premature babies. Due to their underdeveloped lungs, they lack sufficient pulmonary surfactant, causing breathing difficulties and lung collapse.

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, primarily dipalmitoyl lecithin. It reduces surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs, preventing the collapse of air sacs and facilitating normal breathing.

Lecithin is a type of phospholipid that is a key component of pulmonary surfactant. It helps to lower surface tension in the alveoli, allowing for proper lung function.

Premature babies often experience RDS because their lungs haven't developed enough to produce sufficient amounts of lecithin, a crucial part of pulmonary surfactant. This lack of surfactant causes lung collapse and breathing difficulties.