Biochemistry Basics

Study Notes

Biochemistry

Definition Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms. It is a branch of chemistry that focuses on the structure, function, and reactions of biomolecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Branches of Biochemistry

Structural Biochemistry: studies the 3D structure of biomolecules and their relationships to function.
Enzymology: studies enzymes, their kinetics, and mechanisms of action.
Metabolic Biochemistry: studies the biochemical reactions involved in metabolic pathways.

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: sugars, starches, and fibers. Examples: glucose, fructose, sucrose.
Proteins: chains of amino acids. Examples: enzymes, hormones, structural proteins.
Lipids: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Examples: triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA. Store genetic information and transmit it from one generation to the next.

Metabolic Pathways

Glycolysis: breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): breakdown of acetyl-CoA to CO2 and ATP.
Oxidative Phosphorylation: generates ATP from the electron transport chain.
Fatty Acid Oxidation: breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA.

Importance of Biochemistry

Understanding Life Processes: biochemistry helps us understand how living organisms function, adapt, and respond to their environment.
Medical Applications: biochemistry is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and genetic disorders.
Biotechnology: biochemistry is used in the development of new medicines, vaccines, and agricultural products.