10 Questions
What is the by-product of photosynthesis released into the atmosphere through pores in the leaves?
Oxygen
What is the energy source for the dark reactions in photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH
What is the general formula for carbohydrates, the major direct organic products of photosynthesis?
(CH2O)
What is the electron-donor-reduced compound synthesized during the light stage of photosynthesis?
NADPH
What is the term for the removal of electrons from a molecule, which occurs during photosynthesis?
Oxidation
What is the primary focus of biochemistry?
The investigation of significant chemical reactions within living organisms
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
To capture light energy and use it to convert water and carbon dioxide
What is the result of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?
The formation of NADPH and high-energy ATP molecules
Which of the following areas is NOT a subfield of biochemistry?
Molecular biology
What is the ultimate consequence of a lack of photosynthesis on Earth?
The extinction of most types of organisms
Study Notes
Biochemistry
- Biochemistry is the study of the chemical makeup of living things and the chemical reactions that occur within them.
- It combines biology, chemistry, and bioenergetics to understand the interactions between living organic cells and their surroundings.
Subfields of Biochemistry
- Enzymology: the study of enzymes and their roles in biochemical reactions.
- Structural biology: the study of the structure and function of biological molecules.
- Metabolism: the study of chemical reactions that occur within living organisms.
Applications of Biochemistry
- Agriculture: the study of biochemical processes in agricultural organisms and their products.
- Medical Sciences: the application of biochemistry to understand human health and disease.
- Food industry: the use of biochemistry to develop and improve food products.
- Molecular and cellular biology: the study of the biological molecules and processes that occur within cells.
- Genetics and biotechnology: the application of biochemistry to understand and manipulate genetic information.
Agriculture Biochemistry
- The study of the biochemical processes in agricultural organisms, such as crops, livestock, and aquatic organisms.
- It covers the chemistry and biology of these organisms.
Photosynthesis
- A process that occurs in green plants and certain other organisms, where light is transformed into chemical energy.
- It involves the conversion of water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
Stages of Photosynthesis
- Light-dependent stage (or "light" reactions): involves chlorophyll absorbing light energy, generating ATP and NADPH.
- Dark stage (or Calvin cycle): uses ATP and NADPH to produce glucose from atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Overall Reaction of Photosynthesis
- A light-energized oxidation-reduction process that involves the oxidation of water and the reduction of carbon dioxide.
- The energy from light is used to drive the oxidation of water, producing oxygen gas, hydrogen ions, and electrons.
- The electrons and hydrogen ions are then used to reduce carbon dioxide to organic products, such as carbohydrates.
Learn about the study of chemical reactions and processes within living organisms, including biology, chemistry, and bioenergetics.
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