Biochemistry Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which monosaccharides are found in fruits?

  • Sorbitol and Mannitol
  • Galactose and Lactose
  • Sucrose and Maltose
  • Fructose and Glucose (correct)

    • What is one of the primary compositions of phosphatidylcholine?

  • Glycerol and Fatty acids (correct)
  • Sucrose and Glucose
  • Cellulose and Starch
  • Proteins and Amino acids

    • In what kind of chains do fatty acids generally appear with no double bonds?

  • Polysaturated chains
  • Complex carbohydrate chains
  • Saturated chains (correct)
  • Unsaturated chains

    • What constitutes the basic skeleton of all steroids?

    <p>Four rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose?

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category do lipids belong to for energy storage?

    <p>Fats (lipids)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is not a constituent of proteins?

    <p>Helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is represented by the one-letter code 'A'?

    <p>Alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein function is associated with hemoglobin?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond connects amino acids in proteins?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which steroid has a hydroxyl group at the end of its structure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is associated with keratin?

    <p>Structural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary bioelement?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic molecules is NOT a type of biomolecule?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are bonded together by what type of bond?

    <p>Glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucose in living organisms?

    <p>Energetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of living matter is constituted by primary bioelements?

    <p>Over 97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are included in the class of secondary bioelements?

    <p>Ca, Na, K, Mg, Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does water NOT perform in biological processes?

    <p>Glycosidic bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of water?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category do glucides belong to?

    <p>Organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mineral salts can be identified as either:

    <p>Soluble and insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is not a type of organic compound listed in the content?

    <p>Minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a property of water?

    <p>Genetic carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is classified as a primary bioelement?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components make up a nucleotide?

    <p>A phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT a primary bioelement?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleic acids?

    <p>Transporting oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of living matter do the primary bioelements constitute?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color represents the primary bioelements in the image?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond holds the two strands of a DNA molecule together?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category for classifying bioelements?

    <p>Tetraelements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    <p>Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar is found in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nitrogenous base is adenine?

    <p>Purine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics applies to RNA?

    <p>Single-stranded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the double helix structure of DNA, the strands run in which direction?

    <p>Antiparallel, 5' -&gt; 3' and 3' -&gt; 5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of water in living organisms?

    <p>Shock absorber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a protein?

    <p>Enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is a storage form of glucose in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond links monosaccharides together to form polysaccharides?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide provides structural support in plant cell walls?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glucose in the cell?

    <p>Energy supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT found in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrates help in cell recognition?

    <p>Carbohydrates on the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of water in biological systems?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these categories do proteins belong to?

    <p>Organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules can mineral salts be?

    <p>Soluble and insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as an organic biomolecule?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of water is directly related to its role in nutrient transport?

    <p>Solvente universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements primarily constitute glucides?

    <p>C, H, and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of glucides?

    <p>Monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which category do glucides like starch function primarily?

    <p>Reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example of glucide serves an energetic function?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond links monosaccharides in glucides?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates and Lipids

    Carbohydrates

    • Composed of C, H, and O, and sometimes N and S
    • Basic unit is a monosaccharide
    • Monosaccharides bond together through glycosidic bonds
    • Functions:
      • Energetic: Glucose
      • Reserve: Starch
      • Structural: Cellulose
      • Defensive: Glycolipids

    Lipids

    • Composed of C, H, and O, and sometimes N, P, and S
    • Types:
      • Saturated: No double bonds
      • Unsaturated: One or more double bonds
    • Functions:
      • Reserve
      • Protection
      • Energetic
      • Structural
      • Termoregulatory
      • Hormonal

    Steroids

    • All steroids share a basic four-ring structure
    • Small differences in chemical structure between cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogens lead to significant biological differences

    Bioelements

    • Classified into:
      • Primary: C, H, O, N, P, S (>97% of living matter)
      • Secondary: Ca, Na, K, Mg, Cl (around 2.5% of living matter)
      • Trace elements: I, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, F, B, Si, V, Co, Se, Mo, Sn (<0.5% of living matter)

    Biomolecules

    • Can be inorganic or organic
    • Inorganic biomolecules:
      • Water: universal solvent, structural and ionizing properties, transport, shock absorber, thermoregulator
      • Mineral salts: can be soluble or insoluble
    • Organic biomolecules:
      • Carbohydrates
      • Lipids
      • Proteins
      • Nucleic acids

    Proteins

    • Composed of amino acids
    • Amino acids bond together through peptide bonds
    • Functions:
      • Structural
      • Movement
      • Reserve
      • Enzymatic
      • Transport
      • Defense
      • Hormonal
      • Homeostatic

    Nucleic Acids

    • Composed of nucleotides
    • Nucleotides are formed by an acid phosphate, a nitrogen base, and a sugar (pentose)
    • Functions:
      • Carry genetic information
      • Express genetic information
      • Form energy molecules

    Structure of DNA

    • Double helix with two nucleotide chains
    • Chains are antiparallel, with one going 5' -> 3' and the other 3' -> 5'
    • Distance between each turn is 3.4 nanometers

    Structure of RNA

    • Single nucleotide chain
    • Can adopt various forms, such as a tallo-asa shape
    • Functions:
      • Ribosomal RNA: part of the ribosome
      • Messenger RNA: carries genetic information
      • Transfer RNA: brings amino acids to the ribosome

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    Description

    Quiz about the basics of biochemistry, including bioelements and biomolecules. Learn about primary, secondary, and trace elements, as well as inorganic and organic biomolecules.

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