Biochemistry: ATP Hydrolysis Quiz

<p>-3.3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is rapidly hydrolyzed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a source of metabolic energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy can be converted from one form to another but remains constant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They indicate whether a reaction is energetically favorable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes accelerate the reaction rate without altering equilibrium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential for all cellular activities involving energy transfer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot occur without energy input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases environmental entropy by releasing heat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gibbs free energy (G) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction proceeds in the forward direction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic properties and the concentrations of reactants and products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A concentration of 1 M and 1 atm pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actual ΔG is a function of ΔG° and the concentrations of reactants and products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain ordered structures that have lower entropy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction proceeds in the reverse direction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ΔG' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides an additional source of energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ΔG of the coupled reaction is the sum of the individual ΔGs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ΔG &gt; 0, resulting in the conversion of A to B. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$ΔG° = -RT ext{ ln } K$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The standard free-energy change (ΔG°). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-4.0 kcal/mol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP hydrolysis can drive transport against concentration gradients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction has a positive free energy change (ΔG°' = +3.3 kcal/mol). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a usable storage form of free energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP provides the free energy needed for most cellular reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

The total entropy of an isolated system can only increase over time.

A measure of the amount of usable energy in a system at a constant temperature and pressure.

Adenosine Triphosphate: the primary energy currency of cells.

Energy used for cellular activities, like movement and synthesis.

Transforming one or more substances into different substances.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells.

Processes carried out inside a living cell, requiring energy.

A measure of disorder or randomness in a system. Higher entropy means more disorder.

Living cells seem to decrease entropy by building ordered structures like proteins, seemingly contradicting the tendency towards disorder.

Cells are not isolated systems. They exchange energy and matter with their environment, so the decrease in entropy within a cell is balanced by an increase in entropy in the environment.

This means the reaction is spontaneous, meaning it will proceed in the forward direction without external energy input, releasing energy.

This means the reaction is non-spontaneous, requiring energy input to occur, or it will favor the reverse direction.

The change in free energy of a reaction under standard conditions (1M concentration of reactants and products, 1 atm pressure).

The amount of energy available to do useful work in a reaction. It determines if a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous.

The ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium. It reflects the relative amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium.

The standard free energy change (ΔG°) is directly related to the equilibrium constant (K). A negative ΔG° indicates a large K, meaning the reaction strongly favors product formation at equilibrium. A positive ΔG° indicates a small K, meaning the reaction favors reactants at equilibrium.

Two reactions linked together, with one energetically favorable reaction driving the other energetically unfavorable reaction.

The free energy change of the overall coupled reaction is the sum of the free energy changes of the individual reactions. If the sum is negative, the overall reaction is spontaneous, even if one of the reactions is non-spontaneous.

ATP is used as a source of energy for many cellular processes. It is a high-energy molecule that can be hydrolyzed to release energy, driving energetically unfavorable reactions.

Enzymes catalyze coupled reactions, bringing the reactants together and facilitating the transfer of energy from the favorable reaction to drive the unfavorable reaction.

The bonds between phosphates in ATP are called 'high-energy' because their hydrolysis (breaking with water) releases a significant amount of free energy, making them useful for powering cellular processes.

While standard conditions favor -7.3 kcal/mol free energy release, actual intracellular conditions with high ATP and low phosphate concentrations make ATP hydrolysis more favorable, releasing around -12 kcal/mol.

The energy released from ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to other reactions that require energy input, allowing cells to perform essential processes.

Both ATP hydrolyses release energy. ATP to ADP releases less energy, while ATP to AMP releases twice the energy because the resulting pyrophosphate (PP) is further hydrolyzed.

The breakdown of ATP to ADP releases energy, which can be used to power cellular activities such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and biosynthesis.

Breakdown of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), releasing energy.

The energetically unfavorable phosphorylation of glucose (glucose + phosphate -> glucose-6-phosphate) is driven forward by coupling it to the highly exergonic hydrolysis of ATP.

Chemical bonds that release a considerable amount of energy when broken, like those in ATP.

ATP serves as the primary energy currency within cells. It's used to drive energy-requiring processes like synthesis, transport, and movement.