ATP Hydrolysis and Energy Release Quiz

<p>ATP hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relief of electrostatic repulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular conditions and concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-28 to -34 kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mg2+ cations, cellular environment, and tissue compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equilibrium constant (K) and reaction quotient (Q)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is almost twice as much as the energy produced under standard conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the ΔG value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-64 kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-69 kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>References and further reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP = Source of chemical energy ADP = Product of ATP hydrolysis Pi = Released during ATP hydrolysis Resonance structures = Stabilize inorganic phosphate molecular ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anhydridic bonds = Labelled as 'high-energy bonds' P-O bonds = Fairly strong and not easy to break Exergonic reaction = Describes the hydrolysis of ATP Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) = Indicates the energy change in ATP hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle contraction = Work produced by ATP hydrolysis Electrochemical gradients = Established by ATP hydrolysis Biosynthetic processes = Supported by ATP hydrolysis Sunlight = Source of energy linked to ATP hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inorganic phosphate (Pi) = Lowers the total energy of the system New bonds formation = Results in release of a larger amount of energy Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) = Product of further ADP hydrolysis Stabilization of products = Makes ADP and Pi lower in energy than ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP has a high negative charge density due to three adjacent phosphate units = Makes it energetically unstable Hydrolysis of ATP relieves electrostatic repulsions = Causing conformational changes in enzyme structure and releasing useful energy Approximately 60% of energy released from ATP hydrolysis in humans produces metabolic heat = Rather than fueling reactions ATP hydrolysis can lower the pH of the reaction medium = Due to the acid-base properties of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mg2+ cations = Influences the ΔG value range Cellular environment = Influences the ΔG value range Tissue compartment = Influences the ΔG value range Equilibrium constant (K) and reaction quotient (Q) = Provide insight into the nonstandard conditions of ATP hydrolysis in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi in human muscle cells at rest and after ischemia = Were measured to determine the ΔG value ΔG in human muscle cells at rest = Was found to be around -64 kJ/mol ΔG after ischemia in human muscle cells = Could be as high as -69 kJ/mol In vivo studies in humans = Showed that the energy released from ATP hydrolysis is almost twice as much as the energy produced under standard conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers