Questions and Answers
What is the main function of ATP in cells?
Energy storage and transfer
In which type of reaction is there a net release of free energy?
Exergonic reaction
What do the two laws of thermodynamics describe?
Energy conservation and entropy increase
What characteristic of life does order represent?
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Which process is directly driven by ATP hydrolysis in the cell?
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How is equilibrium different in isolated and open systems?
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What drives transport and mechanical work in cells?
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What is the effect of an enzyme on activation energy in a reaction?
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What type of regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site?
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Which process involves the hydrolysis of sucrose by sucrase?
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Which process involves the shutdown of an enzyme due to induced fit?
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In which synthesis process does feedback inhibition play a regulatory role?
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What is the primary function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells?
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In which type of reaction is there a net input of free energy?
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What characteristic of life does free energy relate to?
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What is the relationship of free energy to stability, work capacity, and spontaneous change?
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Which process involves the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy for cellular work?
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What does feedback inhibition play a regulatory role in?
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What is the primary role of ATP in cells?
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In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, what is the effect of an enzyme on activation energy?
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What type of regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site?
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What is the net release of free energy in which type of reaction?
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What is the role of induced fit in enzyme-substrate interaction?
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Which factor can affect enzyme activity?
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Study Notes
ATP and Energy
- The primary function of ATP in cells is to provide energy for cellular work.
- ATP hydrolysis releases energy for cellular work, which drives transport and mechanical work in cells.
Thermodynamics
- The first and second laws of thermodynamics describe the relationships between energy, order, and work.
- A net release of free energy occurs in exergonic reactions, while a net input of free energy occurs in endergonic reactions.
- Free energy relates to the characteristic of life, energy, and is directly related to stability, work capacity, and spontaneous change.
Enzymes and Regulation
- Enzymes lower the activation energy in a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.
- Allosteric regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site.
- Induced fit plays a role in the shutdown of an enzyme, where the enzyme's shape changes to prevent substrate binding.
Cellular Processes
- Sucrase catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose.
- Feedback inhibition plays a regulatory role in protein synthesis.
Equilibrium
- Equilibrium is different in isolated and open systems, with isolated systems reaching equilibrium when no further change occurs, and open systems maintaining a steady-state equilibrium.
Enzyme Activity
- Factors such as pH, temperature, and substrate concentration can affect enzyme activity.
