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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of ATP in cells?
What is the main function of ATP in cells?
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
- DNA replication
- Energy storage and transfer (correct)
In which type of reaction is there a net release of free energy?
In which type of reaction is there a net release of free energy?
- Oxidation reaction
- Hydrolysis reaction
- Endergonic reaction
- Exergonic reaction (correct)
What do the two laws of thermodynamics describe?
What do the two laws of thermodynamics describe?
- Chemical equilibrium and activation energy
- Energy conservation and entropy increase (correct)
- Energy production and consumption
- Heat generation and absorption
What characteristic of life does order represent?
What characteristic of life does order represent?
Which process is directly driven by ATP hydrolysis in the cell?
Which process is directly driven by ATP hydrolysis in the cell?
How is equilibrium different in isolated and open systems?
How is equilibrium different in isolated and open systems?
What drives transport and mechanical work in cells?
What drives transport and mechanical work in cells?
What is the effect of an enzyme on activation energy in a reaction?
What is the effect of an enzyme on activation energy in a reaction?
What type of regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site?
What type of regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site?
Which process involves the hydrolysis of sucrose by sucrase?
Which process involves the hydrolysis of sucrose by sucrase?
Which process involves the shutdown of an enzyme due to induced fit?
Which process involves the shutdown of an enzyme due to induced fit?
In which synthesis process does feedback inhibition play a regulatory role?
In which synthesis process does feedback inhibition play a regulatory role?
What is the primary function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells?
What is the primary function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells?
In which type of reaction is there a net input of free energy?
In which type of reaction is there a net input of free energy?
What characteristic of life does free energy relate to?
What characteristic of life does free energy relate to?
What is the relationship of free energy to stability, work capacity, and spontaneous change?
What is the relationship of free energy to stability, work capacity, and spontaneous change?
Which process involves the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy for cellular work?
Which process involves the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy for cellular work?
What does feedback inhibition play a regulatory role in?
What does feedback inhibition play a regulatory role in?
What is the primary role of ATP in cells?
What is the primary role of ATP in cells?
In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, what is the effect of an enzyme on activation energy?
In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, what is the effect of an enzyme on activation energy?
What type of regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site?
What type of regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site?
What is the net release of free energy in which type of reaction?
What is the net release of free energy in which type of reaction?
What is the role of induced fit in enzyme-substrate interaction?
What is the role of induced fit in enzyme-substrate interaction?
Which factor can affect enzyme activity?
Which factor can affect enzyme activity?
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Study Notes
ATP and Energy
- The primary function of ATP in cells is to provide energy for cellular work.
- ATP hydrolysis releases energy for cellular work, which drives transport and mechanical work in cells.
Thermodynamics
- The first and second laws of thermodynamics describe the relationships between energy, order, and work.
- A net release of free energy occurs in exergonic reactions, while a net input of free energy occurs in endergonic reactions.
- Free energy relates to the characteristic of life, energy, and is directly related to stability, work capacity, and spontaneous change.
Enzymes and Regulation
- Enzymes lower the activation energy in a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.
- Allosteric regulation involves modulating enzyme activity through binding at a site other than the active site.
- Induced fit plays a role in the shutdown of an enzyme, where the enzyme's shape changes to prevent substrate binding.
Cellular Processes
- Sucrase catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose.
- Feedback inhibition plays a regulatory role in protein synthesis.
Equilibrium
- Equilibrium is different in isolated and open systems, with isolated systems reaching equilibrium when no further change occurs, and open systems maintaining a steady-state equilibrium.
Enzyme Activity
- Factors such as pH, temperature, and substrate concentration can affect enzyme activity.
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