Biochemistry and Body Regulation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

Provides structural support for tissues

Transports oxygen in the blood (correct)

Inactivates toxins

Carries cholesterol in the blood

Which protein is primarily known for providing structural support in hair and nails?

Keratin (correct)

Globular proteins

Antibodies

Hemoglobin

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

They transport nutrients

They provide energy

They catalyze reactions and increase their speed (correct)

They serve as structural components

What is the function of immunoglobulins in the body?

They recognize and inactivate bacteria and toxins Signup and view all the answers

Nucleic acids primarily dictate which of the following?

Protein structure and function Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant role of salts in ionic form like potassium and sodium?

Preventing temperature fluctuations in the body Signup and view all the answers

Why is water considered an excellent solvent?

It is a universal solvent due to its high polarity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties does NOT apply to acids and bases?

They are always neutral solutions Signup and view all the answers

What do calcium salts contribute to in the human body?

Bone hardness Signup and view all the answers

What role do buffers play in the body?

They help in maintaining acid-base balance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'suspension' in a solution?

A mixture with large solute particles that do not dissolve Signup and view all the answers

What is glucose predominantly known for in the body?

Being the universal cellular fuel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of electrolytes?

They do not conduct electricity in solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the body?

Helps regulate salt and water balance Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of organic matter in the body is accounted for by proteins?

Over 50% Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is involved in vision and found in orange pigmented vegetables?

Vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

What function do amino acids serve in relation to proteins?

They are the building blocks of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known for promoting wound healing and is an antioxidant?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucocorticoid hormones?

They assist in neural tissue repair Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary elements found in proteins?

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

Which food sources are rich in Vitamin A?

Orange pigmented vegetables and fruits Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cephalad' refer to in anatomical terminology?

Above or upward in relation to another structure Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the body does 'sacral' refer to?

Area between the hips Signup and view all the answers

What does 'posterior' mean in anatomical terms?

Toward or at the back of the body Signup and view all the answers

Where is the 'popliteal' area located?

Behind the knee Signup and view all the answers

Which term indicates a structure located toward the midline of the body?

Medial Signup and view all the answers

What does 'calcaneal' describe in body anatomy?

Heel of the foot Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what does 'anterior' mean?

Toward or at the front of the body Signup and view all the answers

What area does 'nuchal' refer to?

The back part of the neck Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity contains the reproductive organs?

Pelvic Cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is located in the right upper quadrant?

Gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the spinal cavity?

Houses the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body is contained within the dorsal body cavity?

Brain and Spinal Cord Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of the ventral body cavity is positioned inferiorly?

Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which quadrant of the abdominal cavity contains the liver?

Right Upper Quadrant Signup and view all the answers

What structures are primarily contained in the thoracic cavity?

Heart and Lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT located in the abdominal cavity?

Spinal Cord Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

High Heat Capacity

Salts in ionic form, like potassium and sodium, help absorb and release heat, stabilizing body temperature.
This regulation prevents drastic temperature shifts from environmental factors and internal activities like vigorous muscle work.
Calcium salts contribute to bone hardness and support structural integrity.

Polarity/Solvent Properties

Water's high polarity makes it an excellent solvent, essential for biological processes.
Electrolytes, including salts, acids, and bases, conduct electrical currents when dissolved in water.
Living cells are sensitive to pH changes; acid-base balance is maintained by buffers, kidneys, and lungs.

Biochemistry

Biochemistry studies chemical substances and processes in living organisms.
Glucose is the primary energy source, with fructose and galactose converting to glucose for cellular use.
Hormones like glucocorticoids and aldosterone help regulate bodily functions, including salt and water balance.

Proteins

Proteins are vital organic molecules, constituting over half of the body's organic matter.
Composed of amino acids, which contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
Example proteins include:
- Hemoglobin (oxygen transport in blood)
- Keratin (structural protein in hair and nails)
Functional proteins, including enzymes, are crucial for biochemical reactions.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, contain genetic information essential for life.
They dictate protein structure and influence cell functions.

Anatomical Terms

Anatomical direction terms define body positioning:
- Inferior: lower part of the body (e.g., navel is inferior to breastbone).
- Anterior: front of the body (e.g., breastbone is anterior to spine).
- Posterior: back of the body (e.g., heart is posterior to breastbone).
- Medial: towards the midline (e.g., heart is medial to arms).

Body Cavities

Dorsal Body Cavity:
- Cranial Cavity: contains the brain.
- Spinal Cavity: houses the spinal cord.
Ventral Body Cavity: larger than dorsal, contains structures in the chest and abdomen.
- Superior Thoracic Cavity: includes heart and lungs.
- Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity: houses digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.

Abdominal Quadrants

Medical personnel divide the abdominal cavity into four quadrants for examination:
- Right Upper Quadrant: liver, stomach, gallbladder.
- Left Upper Quadrant: liver, left adrenal gland, stomach.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the biochemistry concepts related to body temperature regulation, solvent properties of water, and the role of electrolytes and hormones in maintaining homeostasis. Understand the significance of salts, pH balance, and energy sources like glucose in living organisms.