Biochemistry and Body Regulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

  • Provides structural support for tissues
  • Transports oxygen in the blood (correct)
  • Inactivates toxins
  • Carries cholesterol in the blood

Which protein is primarily known for providing structural support in hair and nails?

  • Keratin (correct)
  • Globular proteins
  • Antibodies
  • Hemoglobin

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

  • They transport nutrients
  • They provide energy
  • They catalyze reactions and increase their speed (correct)
  • They serve as structural components

What is the function of immunoglobulins in the body?

<p>They recognize and inactivate bacteria and toxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nucleic acids primarily dictate which of the following?

<p>Protein structure and function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant role of salts in ionic form like potassium and sodium?

<p>Preventing temperature fluctuations in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is water considered an excellent solvent?

<p>It is a universal solvent due to its high polarity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties does NOT apply to acids and bases?

<p>They are always neutral solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do calcium salts contribute to in the human body?

<p>Bone hardness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do buffers play in the body?

<p>They help in maintaining acid-base balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'suspension' in a solution?

<p>A mixture with large solute particles that do not dissolve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glucose predominantly known for in the body?

<p>Being the universal cellular fuel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of electrolytes?

<p>They do not conduct electricity in solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the body?

<p>Helps regulate salt and water balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of organic matter in the body is accounted for by proteins?

<p>Over 50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is involved in vision and found in orange pigmented vegetables?

<p>Vitamin A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do amino acids serve in relation to proteins?

<p>They are the building blocks of proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known for promoting wound healing and is an antioxidant?

<p>Vitamin E (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucocorticoid hormones?

<p>They assist in neural tissue repair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary elements found in proteins?

<p>Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food sources are rich in Vitamin A?

<p>Orange pigmented vegetables and fruits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cephalad' refer to in anatomical terminology?

<p>Above or upward in relation to another structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the body does 'sacral' refer to?

<p>Area between the hips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'posterior' mean in anatomical terms?

<p>Toward or at the back of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the 'popliteal' area located?

<p>Behind the knee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term indicates a structure located toward the midline of the body?

<p>Medial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'calcaneal' describe in body anatomy?

<p>Heel of the foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what does 'anterior' mean?

<p>Toward or at the front of the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area does 'nuchal' refer to?

<p>The back part of the neck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity contains the reproductive organs?

<p>Pelvic Cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is located in the right upper quadrant?

<p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the spinal cavity?

<p>Houses the spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body is contained within the dorsal body cavity?

<p>Brain and Spinal Cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of the ventral body cavity is positioned inferiorly?

<p>Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quadrant of the abdominal cavity contains the liver?

<p>Right Upper Quadrant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are primarily contained in the thoracic cavity?

<p>Heart and Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT located in the abdominal cavity?

<p>Spinal Cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

High Heat Capacity of Salts

Salts in ionic form, like potassium and sodium, help regulate body temperature by absorbing and releasing heat. This prevents drastic temperature changes from external factors or internal activities like intense exercise.

Water's Polarity: Excellent Solvent

Water's high polarity allows it to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent essential for various biological processes.

Electrolytes & Electrical Conductivity

Electrolytes, including salts, acids, and bases, conduct electricity when dissolved in water. This is crucial for nerve impulses and muscle contractions.

Importance of pH Balance in Cells

Living cells are sensitive to pH changes. Buffers in the body help maintain acid-base balance, crucial for proper cell function.

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What is Biochemistry?

Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and reactions within living organisms.

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Glucose: Primary Energy Source

Glucose is the primary energy source for cells. Fructose and galactose are converted into glucose for cellular use.

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Hormones & Salt/Water Balance

Hormones like glucocorticoids and aldosterone play a critical role in regulating bodily functions, including salt and water balance.

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Proteins: Vital Organic Molecules

Proteins are essential organic molecules, making up over half of the body's organic matter. They are composed of amino acids, which contain various elements.

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Amino Acid Composition

Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.

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Hemoglobin: Oxygen Transport

Hemoglobin, a key protein, carries oxygen in the blood to deliver it throughout the body.

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Keratin: Structural Protein

Keratin, a structural protein, forms the basis of hard structures like hair, nails, and skin.

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Functional Proteins & Enzymes

Functional proteins, including enzymes, are crucial for catalyzing biochemical reactions, speeding up chemical processes in the body.

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Nucleic Acids: Genetic Information

Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic information essential for life.

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Nucleic Acids: Protein Structure & Cell Function

Nucleic acids determine the structure of proteins, influencing various cell functions and characteristics.

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What are Anatomical Direction Terms?

Anatomical direction terms describe body positioning relative to a standard anatomical position.

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Inferior: Lower Body Part

Inferior describes a body part located lower than another, towards the feet.

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Anterior: Front of the Body

Anterior refers to the front of the body, facing forward.

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Posterior: Back of the Body

Posterior refers to the back of the body, facing backward.

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Medial: Towards Midline

Medial describes a body part located closer to the midline of the body.

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Dorsal Body Cavity

The Dorsal Body Cavity encloses the brain and spinal cord, protecting these vital structures.

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Cranial Cavity: Brain's Home

The Cranial Cavity houses the brain, the control center of the nervous system.

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Spinal Cavity: Spinal Cord Protection

The Spinal Cavity contains the spinal cord, extending from the brain and responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.

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Ventral Body Cavity

The Ventral Body Cavity is larger than the dorsal cavity, containing structures within the chest and abdomen.

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Thoracic Cavity: Heart & Lungs

The Superior Thoracic Cavity, located in the chest, houses vital organs like the heart and lungs.

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Abdominopelvic Cavity: Digestive, Reproductive, and Urinary Systems

The Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity, located below the thoracic cavity, contains the digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems.

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Abdominal Quadrants

For examination purposes, medical personnel divide the abdominal cavity into four quadrants to help locate specific organs.

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Right Upper Quadrant

The Right Upper Quadrant contains organs like the liver, stomach, and gallbladder.

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Left Upper Quadrant

The Left Upper Quadrant contains organs like the liver, left adrenal gland, and stomach.

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Study Notes

High Heat Capacity

  • Salts in ionic form, like potassium and sodium, help absorb and release heat, stabilizing body temperature.
  • This regulation prevents drastic temperature shifts from environmental factors and internal activities like vigorous muscle work.
  • Calcium salts contribute to bone hardness and support structural integrity.

Polarity/Solvent Properties

  • Water's high polarity makes it an excellent solvent, essential for biological processes.
  • Electrolytes, including salts, acids, and bases, conduct electrical currents when dissolved in water.
  • Living cells are sensitive to pH changes; acid-base balance is maintained by buffers, kidneys, and lungs.

Biochemistry

  • Biochemistry studies chemical substances and processes in living organisms.
  • Glucose is the primary energy source, with fructose and galactose converting to glucose for cellular use.
  • Hormones like glucocorticoids and aldosterone help regulate bodily functions, including salt and water balance.

Proteins

  • Proteins are vital organic molecules, constituting over half of the body's organic matter.
  • Composed of amino acids, which contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
  • Example proteins include:
    • Hemoglobin (oxygen transport in blood)
    • Keratin (structural protein in hair and nails)
  • Functional proteins, including enzymes, are crucial for biochemical reactions.

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, contain genetic information essential for life.
  • They dictate protein structure and influence cell functions.

Anatomical Terms

  • Anatomical direction terms define body positioning:
    • Inferior: lower part of the body (e.g., navel is inferior to breastbone).
    • Anterior: front of the body (e.g., breastbone is anterior to spine).
    • Posterior: back of the body (e.g., heart is posterior to breastbone).
    • Medial: towards the midline (e.g., heart is medial to arms).

Body Cavities

  • Dorsal Body Cavity:
    • Cranial Cavity: contains the brain.
    • Spinal Cavity: houses the spinal cord.
  • Ventral Body Cavity: larger than dorsal, contains structures in the chest and abdomen.
    • Superior Thoracic Cavity: includes heart and lungs.
    • Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity: houses digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.

Abdominal Quadrants

  • Medical personnel divide the abdominal cavity into four quadrants for examination:
    • Right Upper Quadrant: liver, stomach, gallbladder.
    • Left Upper Quadrant: liver, left adrenal gland, stomach.

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Test your knowledge on the biochemistry concepts related to body temperature regulation, solvent properties of water, and the role of electrolytes and hormones in maintaining homeostasis. Understand the significance of salts, pH balance, and energy sources like glucose in living organisms.

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