18 Questions
What is the attractive interaction between dipoles that involves a hydrogen atom bonded to an atom of high electronegativity?
Hydrogen bond
How many hydrogen bonds can a water molecule form due to its bent arrangement?
4
According to Arrhenius theory, what is a substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions when dissolved in water?
Acid
In the context of bases, what is a substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions when dissolved in water?
Base
According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is a substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance?
Acid
What type of bonding does water exhibit, which is stronger due to its greater dipole moment?
Hydrogen bonding
Define a Bronsted-Lowry Base.
A substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance.
What does it mean for a substance to be amphiprotic?
It can both donate and accept a proton.
Explain the concept of equilibrium in the context of acids and bases.
Equilibrium favors the transfer of a proton between the stronger acid and stronger base to form the weaker acid and weaker base.
What are the characteristics of a strong acid?
Fully dissociates in solution and the conjugate base is weak.
Explain the autoionization of water and its significance.
Autoionization of water is when a water molecule donates a proton to another water molecule. At 25°C, Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1 x 10^-14.
What defines a strong base and provide examples.
Strong bases fully dissociate in solution. Examples include alkali metal hydroxides (Na, K) and heavy alkaline metal hydroxides (Ca, Sr).
Explain the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and acetate ion concentration when a supply of acetate ions is added to the system.
The hydrogen ion concentration is no longer equal to the acetate ion concentration.
What is the buffer capacity and how is it related to the titration curve of a weak acid and its conjugate base?
Buffer capacity is the quantity of an acid or a base that can be neutralized before drastic pH changes occur. It is related to the titration curve of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
Which buffer system is the principal buffer in cells?
The H2PO4/HPO4 pair is the principal buffer in cells.
How does the bicarbonate buffer system in blood help in maintaining the blood's pH?
The bicarbonate neutralizes excess acids in the blood while the carbonic acid neutralizes excess bases.
What is the significance of blood pH falling below 6.8 or rising above 7.8?
If blood pH falls below 6.8 or rises above 7.8, one can become sick or die.
What are the typical criteria for selecting a buffer?
Suitable pKa, no interference with the reaction or detection of the assay, suitable ionic strength, suitable solubility, non-biological nature.
Test your knowledge on amphiprotic substances that can both donate and accept protons, such as water. Learn about weak acids and their acid-dissociation constants. Explore conjugate bases in the context of Bronsted-Lowry theory.
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