Biochemistry: Amphiprotic Substances Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the attractive interaction between dipoles that involves a hydrogen atom bonded to an atom of high electronegativity?

Hydrogen bond

How many hydrogen bonds can a water molecule form due to its bent arrangement?

4

According to Arrhenius theory, what is a substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions when dissolved in water?

Acid

In the context of bases, what is a substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions when dissolved in water?

<p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is a substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance?

<p>Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding does water exhibit, which is stronger due to its greater dipole moment?

<p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define a Bronsted-Lowry Base.

<p>A substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a substance to be amphiprotic?

<p>It can both donate and accept a proton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of equilibrium in the context of acids and bases.

<p>Equilibrium favors the transfer of a proton between the stronger acid and stronger base to form the weaker acid and weaker base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of a strong acid?

<p>Fully dissociates in solution and the conjugate base is weak.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the autoionization of water and its significance.

<p>Autoionization of water is when a water molecule donates a proton to another water molecule. At 25°C, Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1 x 10^-14.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a strong base and provide examples.

<p>Strong bases fully dissociate in solution. Examples include alkali metal hydroxides (Na, K) and heavy alkaline metal hydroxides (Ca, Sr).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and acetate ion concentration when a supply of acetate ions is added to the system.

<p>The hydrogen ion concentration is no longer equal to the acetate ion concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the buffer capacity and how is it related to the titration curve of a weak acid and its conjugate base?

<p>Buffer capacity is the quantity of an acid or a base that can be neutralized before drastic pH changes occur. It is related to the titration curve of the weak acid and its conjugate base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which buffer system is the principal buffer in cells?

<p>The H2PO4/HPO4 pair is the principal buffer in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the bicarbonate buffer system in blood help in maintaining the blood's pH?

<p>The bicarbonate neutralizes excess acids in the blood while the carbonic acid neutralizes excess bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of blood pH falling below 6.8 or rising above 7.8?

<p>If blood pH falls below 6.8 or rises above 7.8, one can become sick or die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical criteria for selecting a buffer?

<p>Suitable pKa, no interference with the reaction or detection of the assay, suitable ionic strength, suitable solubility, non-biological nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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