Biochemistry 3: Enzymes (Part 2)
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Questions and Answers

What type of inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme?

  • Competitive inhibitor
  • Uncompetitive inhibitor
  • Non-competitive inhibitor (correct)
  • Irreversible inhibitor

    • What happens to the observed KM and Vmax in non-competitive inhibition?

  • Both KM and Vmax are reduced (correct)
  • KM is decreased, Vmax is increased
  • KM is unaffected, Vmax is decreased
  • KM is increased, Vmax is decreased

    • What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds covalently to a residue within the active site of the enzyme?

  • Non-competitive inhibition
  • Competitive inhibition
  • Uncompetitive inhibition
  • Irreversible inhibition (correct)

    • What is the effect of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme's activity?

    <p>It converts the enzyme to an inactive state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inhibitor binds to the enzyme-substrate complex?

    <p>Uncompetitive inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an inhibitor on the Lineweaver-Burk plot in non-competitive inhibition?

    <p>It decreases the slope and increases the intercept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of competitive inhibition in terms of substrate concentration?

    <p>Inhibition is overcome at high substrate concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors?

    <p>Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to an allosteric site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inhibitor affects the enzyme's activity by binding to the active site?

    <p>Competitive inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the Km and Vmax of an enzyme?

    <p>Km increases, Vmax remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of product inhibition in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>To slow down the reaction once enough product is made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Km?

    <p>The substrate concentration that produces half maximal velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on competitive inhibition?

    <p>It overcomes the inhibition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that describes the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the enzyme activity?

    <p>v0 = Vmax/(KM + [S] + Ki[I]).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of enzymes in biological systems?

    <p>To increase the rate of reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an enzyme that is inhibited by its product?

    <p>Galactase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme composed of two different protein subunits?

    <p>LDH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the HHMM (LDH3) isozyme?

    <p>Unknown location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isozyme is increased in leukemia?

    <p>All five isozymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biomedical importance of enzymes?

    <p>They help in diagnosing diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of ELISA?

    <p>Linking an enzyme to an antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the immunological reaction between the antigen and the prepared antibody in ELISA?

    <p>The amount of antibody is proportional to the amount of antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured in the kinetics of an enzyme?

    <p>The rate of substrate conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the inhibitor on the kinetics of an enzyme?

    <p>It decreases the Vmax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binding site of allosteric effectors?

    <p>A site different from the substrate binding pocket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of allosteric effectors on enzyme activity?

    <p>Increase enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of K-type regulation?

    <p>Decrease in KM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of V-type regulation?

    <p>Increase in Vmax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of isoenzymes?

    <p>They catalyze the same reaction but differ in their physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do isoenzymes differ from each other?

    <p>They differ in their amino acid sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of creatine kinase isoenzymes?

    <p>They are composed of two polypeptides (B and M subunits)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electrophoresis in isoenzyme analysis?

    <p>To separate isoenzymes based on their physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of Km in the presence of the inhibitor?

    <p>31 μM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of inhibition depicted in the graph?

    <p>Competitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Lineweaver-Burk method?

    <p>To linearize the non-linear Michaelis-Menten equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is enzyme activity regulated?

    <p>By gene expression, substrate and cosubstrate availability, pH, temperature, and allosteric regulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multimeric enzymes?

    <p>They show cooperativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the model that accounts for enzyme kinetics?

    <p>Michaelis-Menten model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of Vmax?

    <p>μM/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the enzyme kinetics?

    <p>It increases the Km value</p> Signup and view all the answers

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