drug discovery

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Which of the following is NOT a step in drug discovery processes and disciplines?

Clinical trial and marketing

What is the term used for the original pharmacologically active compound from which synthetic analogues are developed?

Lead compound

In the context of drug discovery, what is the term used for the substances extracted from natural products for pharmaceutical use?

Active compounds

What is the term used to describe the process of refining and determining the structure of compounds isolated for drug discovery?

<p>Isolation &amp; structure determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the original source of aspirin before it was developed into a synthetic analogue?

<p>Willow Bark extracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the introduction of synthetic substances as drugs occur in the history of drug discovery?

<p>Late 19th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discipline is not directly involved in drug discovery processes?

<p>Anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

During lead optimisation in drug discovery, which of the following is not optimized?

<p>Analytical Chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the secondary evaluation stage of drug discovery, what is not considered for evaluation?

<p>Pharmacophore definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which evaluation is not typically performed during the further evaluation of the lead in drug discovery?

<p>Molecular modeling evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a part of the initial hit compounds evaluation in drug discovery?

<p>Lead optimisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is not part of the lead optimisation stage in drug discovery?

<p>Metabolism optimization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing uses isolated cells, tissues, enzymes, and receptors for leprosy?

<p>In vitro tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common method for bioassay identification in big pharma?

<p>High-throughput screening (HTS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do lead compounds typically originate from?

<p>Marine sources and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of synthetic compounds in drug discovery?

<p>Small molecules from medicinal chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What properties are considered for lead compounds in drug discovery?

<p>Modifications required for poor activity or side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criterion is important for orally active drugs related to lead compounds?

<p>Lipinski's rule of 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology has made isolation and purification easier in drug discovery?

<p>NMR, X-ray crystallography, and MS</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a focus of drug discovery and optimization concerning lead compounds?

<p>Extension of structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the germ theory in 1861, explaining how diseases spread?

<p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered and isolated anti-toxins for diphtheria in the 1890s, leading to the first vaccine?

<p>Emil von Behring</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed methods for staining tissue, leading to diagnosing numerous blood diseases in the early 1900s?

<p>Paul Ehrlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who envisioned the concept of a 'magic bullet' to specifically target and kill microbes causing diseases?

<p>Paul Ehrlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first chemotherapeutic agent for syphilis discovered serendipitously in 1909?

<p>Salvarsan 606</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the crucial processes involved in modern medicine drug discovery and development?

<p>Finding a target, screening, discovery, development, and economic considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors are crucial for choosing a disease to target for new drugs?

<p>Unmet needs, economic factors, and development capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is selectivity and specificity crucial for drug targets?

<p>To minimize side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • Louis Pasteur proposed the germ theory in 1861, explaining how diseases spread
  • Robert Koch identified specific microorganisms causing diseases in the 1880s
  • Emil von Behring discovered and isolated anti-toxins for diphtheria in the 1890s, leading to the first vaccine
  • Paul Ehrlich developed methods for staining tissue, leading to diagnosing numerous blood diseases in the early 1900s
  • Ehrlich envisioned the concept of a "magic bullet" to specifically target and kill microbes causing diseases
  • Salvarsan 606, the first chemotherapeutic agent for syphilis, was discovered serendipitously in 1909
  • Modern medicine drug discovery and development processes include finding a target, screening, discovery, development, and economic considerations
  • Choosing a disease to target for new drugs depends on unmet needs, economic factors, and development capabilities
  • Selectivity and specificity are crucial for drug targets to minimize side effects
  • Target specificity and selectivity within the body are important for successful drug therapy
  • Lead discovery includes random screening, natural ligands, and rational design based on target structure
  • Primary assays, including biochemical, cellular, pharmacological, and physiological assays, are crucial for drug research without human testing.

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