50 Questions
bioactivity is?
The ability of a material to elicit a response in a living tissue
What is a property of an ideal bioactive material?
Stimulating reparative dentine formation
Which of the following is NOT a use of BioActive Materials?
Preventing tooth decay
Which of the following BioActive Materials is a type of ceramic?
Sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (BAG) ceramic containing silver ions (Ag-BG)
Who developed Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) for use as a dental root repair material?
The author of the research paper
What is NOT an ideal property of a bioactive material?
Inert
After an 8-month reassessment, what suggests healing of the periapical lesion?
Continuous lamina dura and consistent width of periodontal ligament space
What is the primary goal of apexogenesis during pulpal treatment?
To maintain pulp vitality and allow continued root development
What is the purpose of bleedin control in MTA pulpotomy?
To control hemorrhage and allow MTA setting
What is the primary advantage of using MTA over formocresol in pulpotomy?
MTA promotes pulp regeneration and vitality
What is the typical duration required for apical closure to occur after eruption?
3 years after eruption
What is the purpose of the moist cotton pellet in MTA pulpotomy?
To allow MTA to set on the pulp tissue
What percentage of MTA is comprised of Portland cement?
75%
What is the primary purpose of adding bismuth oxide to MTA?
To improve its radiopacity
What is the pH of MTA after 3 hours?
12.5
Why is a moistened cotton pellet placed in contact with MTA?
To enhance its sealing ability
What is the compressive strength of MTA after 28 days?
133 MPa
What is the main reason why MTA is a biocompatible material?
Due to its ability to generate calcium and phosphate ions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Biodentine?
It is not suitable for use as a dentine replacement material
What is the title of the scientific file published by Septodont, Paris, France?
Biodentine Active Biosilicate Technology Scientific File
According to a study by L. Grech, B. Mallia, and J. Camilleri, what is a characteristic of Biodentine?
It has been investigated for use as a dentine replacement material
What is the title of the journal in which a study on the shear bond strengths of different adhesive systems to Biodentine was published?
The Scientific World Journal
Which of the following investigators has studied the physical properties of tricalcium silicate cement-based root-end filling materials?
L. Grech
What is the volume and page numbers of the International Endodontic Journal in which a study on the characterization of set intermediate restorative material was published?
Vol. 46, pp. 632-641
What is a significant advantage of MTA over Formocresol in clinical applications?
Less time required for the procedure
Why is Formocresol not preferred in clinical applications?
It is tissue irritant, cytotoxic, and mutagenic
What is a limitation of MTA in clinical applications?
It is not used in area open to oral environment
What is a drawback of MTA?
It has a discoloration potential
What is a reason why MTA is not used as a permanent filling material?
It has a low compressive strength
What is a challenge of removing MTA after curing?
It is difficult to remove because of the absence of a known solvent
What is a primary indication for using Biodentine?
As a base under amalgam or composite in deep carious teeth
What is a benefit of using Biodentine as a pulp capping material?
It promotes pulp vitality and healing
What is a characteristic of Biodentine that makes it suitable for dentine replacement?
Its dentin-like mechanical properties
What is a benefit of using Biodentine compared to other materials?
It has better handling and manipulation characteristics
What is a composition of Biodentine powder?
Tricalcium silicate, calcium carbonate, and iron oxide
How is Biodentine typically mixed and prepared for use?
By triturating the powder and liquid in a capsule for 30 seconds
What is the primary indication for using biodentine in vital pulpotomy?
When the coronal pulp tissue is inflamed and a direct pulp capping is not a suitable option
What is the advantage of using biodentine for perforation repair?
It has good adhesion to dentin surface and fast setting time
What is a unique property of biodentine that makes it suitable for apexification in necrotic immature teeth?
It induces formation of new cementum and periodontal ligament
What is the advantage of using biodentine over formocresol in pulpotomy?
It has a higher success rate
What is the reason why biodentine is preferred for dentin bridge formation?
It induces odontoblast stimulation
What is the potential of biodentine in endodontics and operative dentistry?
It has great potential to revolutionize the different aspects of managing primary and permanent teeth
What is the primary goal of using biodentine as a dentine replacement material?
To promote pulp regeneration
Which of the following mechanical properties of biodentine was investigated by L. Grech, B. Mallia, and J. Camilleri?
Compressive strength
What is the potential clinical application of biodentine as a root-end filling material?
Endodontic treatment
What is the effect of acid etching procedures on the compressive strength of biodentine?
It decreases the compressive strength
What is the significance of the study by M.B. Kayahan et al. on the compressive strength of biodentine?
It showed the effect of acid etching on the compressive strength of biodentine
What is the potential advantage of using biodentine as a dentine replacement material over other materials?
It has better biocompatibility
What is the significance of the study by J. Camilleri on biodentine as a dentine replacement material?
It investigated the physical properties of biodentine as a dentine replacement material
What is the potential limitation of using biodentine as a root-end filling material?
It is not suitable for use in certain clinical situations
Study Notes
Bioactive Materials
- Bioactive materials are materials that elicit a response in living tissue and induce the formation of a bond between tissue and the material.
- The ideal properties of bioactive materials include:
- Bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties
- Sterility
- Stimulation of reparative dentine formation
- Maintenance of pulp vitality
- Uses of bioactive materials include:
- Pulp capping material
- Permanent restorations
- Dentinal tubule occlusion
- Prevention of dentinal hypersensitivity
- Regeneration of bone tissue and promotion of tooth remineralization
Bioactive Materials Examples
- Calcium hydroxide
- Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
- Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM)
- Biodentine
- Inert materials (isobutyl cyanoacrylate and tricalcium phosphate ceramic)
- ActiveTM BioACTIVE restorative material
- Pulpdent (composite resin that releases more fluoride than glass ionomers)
- MTYA1-Ca filler
- Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)
- Sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (BAG) ceramic containing silver ions (Ag-BG)
- Calcium phosphate
- Novel endodontic cement (NEC)
- Endo sequence root repair material
MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate)
- Developed by Dr. Mahmoud Torabinejad for use as a dental root repair material
- Composed primarily of:
- 75% Portland cement
- 20% bismuth oxide (Bi2O3)
- 5% calcium sulfate dihydrate or gypsum (CaSO4 ∙ 2H2O)
- Additional minor trace elements may be present
- Properties:
- Biocompatible
- Non-resorbable
- Radioopaque
- Antimicrobial
- Compressive strength develops over 28 days
- Low solubility
- pH: initially 10.2, after 3 hours: 12.5 (remains constant)
- Uses:
- Sealing communications between the root canal system and the periodontium
- Pulpotomy and apexification
- Apexogenesis (vital pulp therapy)
MTA Properties
- Setting time: 2 hours and 45 minutes
- Expands during setting reaction, increasing sealing ability
- Moistened cotton pellet should be placed in contact with MTA before placement of the permanent restoration
Comparison with Formocresol
- MTA has low toxic effects, increased tissue regeneration properties, and good clinical results
- Formocresol has been criticized for its tissue irritant, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects
- MTA is applied directly without cotton pellet, reducing the risk of bleeding and reoccurrence of bleeding
MTA Limitations
- Not used in areas open to the oral environment due to solubility in acidic environments
- Not recommended for obturation of primary teeth due to slow resorption
- Not used with anterior teeth due to discoloration potential
- Not used as a permanent filling due to low compressive strength
MTA Drawbacks
- Discoloration potential
- Presence of toxic elements in the material composition
- Difficult handling characteristics
- Long setting time
- High material cost
- Absence of a known solvent for the material
- Difficulty of removal after curing
- Low compressive strength incompatible with restorative indications
Biodentine Overview
- Biodentine is an all-in-one, biocompatible, and bioactive material for dentine replacement, commercially available since 2009.
- Composition: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and zirconium oxide.
Composition and Manipulation
- Powder: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium carbonate, and iron oxide.
- Liquid: calcium chloride and hydrosoluble polymer.
- Mixing ratio: 1 capsule powder to 5 drops of liquid.
- Setting time: approximately 12 minutes.
Advantages
- Helps in remineralization of dentine.
- Preserves pulp vitality and promotes pulp healing.
- Replaces natural dentine with similar mechanical properties.
- Better handling and manipulation.
- Reduced setting time.
Dental Applications
Dentine Replacement
- Biodentine can be used as a permanent dentine substitute (base) under composite or amalgam, especially in deep carious teeth.
Pulp Capping
- Can be used as a pulp capping material, encouraging pulp healing and dentin bridge formation.
Pulpotomy
- Used as a vital pulp therapy method, with a higher success rate than MTA.
Repair of Perforations
- Preferred for perforation repair in root canal or pulp chamber floor due to good adhesion to dentin surface and fast setting time.
Repair of Resorption
- Biocompatibility and ability to induce calcium-phosphate precipitation make it suitable for bone tissue repair.
Apexification
- Can be used in necrotic immature teeth, inducing formation of new cementum and periodontal ligament.
Learn about bioactive materials, their ability to elicit a response in living tissue, and their applications in endodontics. Explore the formation of bonds between tissue and material.
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