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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are types of histone modifications?
Which of the following are types of histone modifications?
What is the role of histone methyltransferases?
What is the role of histone methyltransferases?
To add methyl groups to histones
What is a key mark of active genes in plants?
What is a key mark of active genes in plants?
H3K9me3
What are the types of epigenetic modulator enzymes?
What are the types of epigenetic modulator enzymes?
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The modification associated with the silencing of transposable elements in plants is H3K9me______.
The modification associated with the silencing of transposable elements in plants is H3K9me______.
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Histone demethylases are responsible for adding methyl groups to histones.
Histone demethylases are responsible for adding methyl groups to histones.
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What is one of the functions of histone methylation?
What is one of the functions of histone methylation?
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Study Notes
BIO347 - Epigenetics
- Course Instructor: Katharina Braeutigam
- Office: Room DV 3035
- Email: [email protected]
- Office hours: Tuesdays: 12-1pm or by appointment
Epigenetics Lecture Topics
- Chapters 4 and 5, Law2010
- Chapters 6 and 7
- Chapters 7, 12, 13
- Focus on Fundamental Processes, Law and Jacobsen 2010.Nat Rev Genet. 11:204
Roadmap for 10/7/24 Lecture
-
Part I - MOLECULAR BACKGROUND
- Histones & histone modifications
- Histone methyltransferases
- Histone demethylases
- Readers of methylated histones
- Others
- Histones & histone modifications
-
PART II – EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA
- Differentiation in Mammals
- ESC (Embryonic Stem Cells)
- SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer)
- Induced Pluripotency
- Differentiation in Mammals
Histone Modifications
- Covalent modifications:
- methylation (me)
- acetylation (ac)
- phosphorylation (p)
- ubiquitination (ub)
- sumoylation (su) [small ubiquitin-related modifier]
- ADP ribosylation (ar)
- deimination (cit)
- Alberts, 6th ed, Fig 4-34b
Methylation
- Plants have different methylation patterns than mammals
-
Plants:
- H3K9me3 marks active genes
- H3K9me2 silences Transposable Elements (TEs)
-
Mammals:
- H3K9me3 marks heterochromatin
Histone Methylation
- Alberts, 6th ed, Fig. 4-33
- Many modifications occur at lysine residues
Histone Modifications and Gene Expression
- Histone methylation can influence gene expression
- Alberts, 6th ed, Fig. 4-33
Epigenetic Modulator Enzymes
- Writer: Enzymes that add modifications
- Eraser: Enzymes that remove modifications
- Reader: Proteins that recognize and bind to modifications
- http://being-bioreactive.com
Histone Modifications and Modifiers
- Protein Arginine Methyltransferase: a writer
- Peptidylarginine Deiminase: an eraser
- Allis, Epigenetics, Fig.3-7
Histone Modification Machinery
-
HMTs - histone methyltransferases
- Add methyl groups to lysine or arginine residues (mostly in the histone tail)
- Can add mono-, di-, or tri-methylation to lysine residues
- Involved in transcriptional activation or repression
- Other functions:
- Transcriptional elongation
- Pericentromeric heterochromatin formation
- X chromosome inactivation
Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
- Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by:
- Altering chromatin structure
- Recruiting specific proteins to DNA
- Influencing transcription factor activity
- Affecting DNA replication and repair
Importance of Epigenetics
- Epigenetics is a key area of research with profound implications for:
- Understanding biological processes
- Developing new therapeutic strategies
- Exploring the interplay between genetics and environment
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of epigenetics with a focus on molecular background and epigenetic phenomena. This quiz covers essential topics from chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Law (2010) as well as key concepts related to histone modifications and differentiation in mammals. Enhance your understanding of histones, methylation, and induced pluripotency.
