12 Questions
Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of transcription?
mRNA is synthesized using DNA as a template, with one strand being transcribed.
What is the primary function of the process of translation?
To convert the genetic information encoded in mRNA into a functional protein.
Beadle and Tatum's one gene, one enzyme hypothesis proposed that:
Each gene codes for a specific enzyme involved in a metabolic pathway.
Which of the following scenarios represents an exception to the one gene, one protein hypothesis?
All of the above represent exceptions to the one gene, one protein hypothesis.
In the context of protein structure, what is the significance of domains?
Domains are distinct structural and functional regions within a protein.
Which of the following molecules serves as a template during the process of translation?
mRNA
Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
All of the above are key differences between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
What is the function of the polyadenylation signal sequence (AAUAAA) in eukaryotic transcription?
It specifies the location where the RNA transcript is cleaved and polyadenylated.
How does the process of transcription initiation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds directly to the promoter sequence, while in eukaryotes, transcription factors must first bind to the promoter before RNA polymerase can bind.
Which of the following is a function of non-linear RNA structures?
They facilitate the binding of regulatory proteins that control gene expression.
What is the primary difference between the roles of general and enhancer transcription factors in eukaryotic gene expression?
General transcription factors bind to the promoter region, while enhancer transcription factors bind to distal enhancer sequences.
How does the process of transcription termination differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
In prokaryotes, transcription is terminated when the polymerase reaches a terminator sequence, while in eukaryotes, transcription is terminated by polyadenylation.
This study guide covers the process of gene expression, from transcription to translation. It explains how DNA serves as a template for mRNA production during transcription, and how mRNA is used as a template for protein synthesis during translation. The significance of Beadle and Tatum's one gene, one enzyme hypothesis is also discussed.
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