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BIO2001 Spring 2024 Exam 3 Study Guide: Gene Expression Process

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BIO2001 Spring 2024 Exam 3 Study Guide: Gene Expression Process

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of transcription?

Transcription involves the synthesis of new DNA molecules from an existing mRNA template.

DNA serves as a template for the production of tRNA molecules.

mRNA is synthesized using DNA as a template, with one strand being transcribed. (correct)

During transcription, both strands of the DNA double helix are simultaneously used as templates.

What is the primary function of the process of translation?

To convert the genetic information encoded in mRNA into a functional protein. (correct)

To synthesize new DNA molecules from an mRNA template.

To produce tRNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome.

To regulate the expression of genes by modifying the mRNA sequence.

Beadle and Tatum's one gene, one enzyme hypothesis proposed that:

Each gene codes for a specific enzyme involved in a metabolic pathway. (correct)

A single gene can code for multiple enzymes involved in different metabolic pathways.

Enzymes are not directly related to gene expression and are produced independently.

The same enzyme can be produced by multiple genes working in tandem.

Which of the following scenarios represents an exception to the one gene, one protein hypothesis?

All of the above represent exceptions to the one gene, one protein hypothesis. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of protein structure, what is the significance of domains?

Domains are distinct structural and functional regions within a protein. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules serves as a template during the process of translation?

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

All of the above are key differences between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the polyadenylation signal sequence (AAUAAA) in eukaryotic transcription?

It specifies the location where the RNA transcript is cleaved and polyadenylated. Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of transcription initiation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds directly to the promoter sequence, while in eukaryotes, transcription factors must first bind to the promoter before RNA polymerase can bind. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of non-linear RNA structures?

They facilitate the binding of regulatory proteins that control gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the roles of general and enhancer transcription factors in eukaryotic gene expression?

General transcription factors bind to the promoter region, while enhancer transcription factors bind to distal enhancer sequences. Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of transcription termination differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

In prokaryotes, transcription is terminated when the polymerase reaches a terminator sequence, while in eukaryotes, transcription is terminated by polyadenylation. Signup and view all the answers