BIO2001 Spring 2024 Exam 3 Study Guide: Gene Expression Process
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of transcription?

  • Transcription involves the synthesis of new DNA molecules from an existing mRNA template.
  • DNA serves as a template for the production of tRNA molecules.
  • mRNA is synthesized using DNA as a template, with one strand being transcribed. (correct)
  • During transcription, both strands of the DNA double helix are simultaneously used as templates.

    • What is the primary function of the process of translation?

  • To convert the genetic information encoded in mRNA into a functional protein. (correct)
  • To synthesize new DNA molecules from an mRNA template.
  • To produce tRNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome.
  • To regulate the expression of genes by modifying the mRNA sequence.

    • Beadle and Tatum's one gene, one enzyme hypothesis proposed that:

  • Each gene codes for a specific enzyme involved in a metabolic pathway. (correct)
  • A single gene can code for multiple enzymes involved in different metabolic pathways.
  • Enzymes are not directly related to gene expression and are produced independently.
  • The same enzyme can be produced by multiple genes working in tandem.

    • Which of the following scenarios represents an exception to the one gene, one protein hypothesis?

    <p>All of the above represent exceptions to the one gene, one protein hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of protein structure, what is the significance of domains?

    <p>Domains are distinct structural and functional regions within a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules serves as a template during the process of translation?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>All of the above are key differences between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the polyadenylation signal sequence (AAUAAA) in eukaryotic transcription?

    <p>It specifies the location where the RNA transcript is cleaved and polyadenylated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the process of transcription initiation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds directly to the promoter sequence, while in eukaryotes, transcription factors must first bind to the promoter before RNA polymerase can bind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of non-linear RNA structures?

    <p>They facilitate the binding of regulatory proteins that control gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the roles of general and enhancer transcription factors in eukaryotic gene expression?

    <p>General transcription factors bind to the promoter region, while enhancer transcription factors bind to distal enhancer sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the process of transcription termination differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>In prokaryotes, transcription is terminated when the polymerase reaches a terminator sequence, while in eukaryotes, transcription is terminated by polyadenylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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