Bio115 Microbiology Chapter 14 HW Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does pathology refer to?

The study of structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease.

Which of the following is an example of the symbiotic relationship known as mutualism?

Lice on a human

Fungi decomposing organic matter

E. coli within the large intestine (correct)

Tapeworm in the intestines

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria given by Koch's postulates?

The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.

The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease.

The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host.

The pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animals and must be different from the original organism. (correct)

Which of the following is classified as a latent disease?

Shingles Signup and view all the answers

A patient acquires an infection by touching a contaminated door handle. Which mode of transmission best describes this scenario?

Indirect contact transmission Signup and view all the answers

A dog develops a diarrheal disease after drinking water from a creek. Which of the following best describes this method of disease transmission?

Vehicle transmission Signup and view all the answers

Plague is transmitted through the bite of an infected flea. Which of the following best describes this mode of transmission?

Vector transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fungal zoonosis that can be transmitted by direct contact?

Ringworm Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of disease transmission via indirect contact.

A student sneezes on her test booklet. The instructor grades it and catches her cold. Signup and view all the answers

According to the animation, surgical infections account for what percentage of nosocomial infections?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What type of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterizations?

Bacteremia Signup and view all the answers

How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic?

Antibiotics can be used in aerosols, thereby entering the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections?

These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient. Signup and view all the answers

How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections?

Practice more stringent aseptic techniques Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary concern of the healthcare worker?

The health of the patient Signup and view all the answers

How can surgeons help to limit nosocomial infections?

They should perform surgeries and invasive procedures only when absolutely necessary. Signup and view all the answers

If a patient notices a healthcare worker not following suggested precautions, what should the patient do?

They should immediately bring it to the attention of the healthcare worker. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics of a catheter should be considered to help minimize the spread of nosocomial infections?

Single-use Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding hand washing?

Frequent and proper hand washing should be routinely done by patients and healthcare workers, both prior to and after interaction. Signup and view all the answers

Epidemiology is defined as the study of what?

Where and when a disease occurs, and how it is transmitted. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epidemiology?

To learn how to treat and prevent various diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Expected prevalence of a disease is defined as what?

The expected occurrence of a disease based on past observations. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the disease epidemic in North America?

The disease occurs at a higher rate than what would normally be expected in this region. Signup and view all the answers

How many regions of the world experience the pandemic during April of year four?

Five Signup and view all the answers

When does the first epidemic occur?

January of year three Signup and view all the answers

If a disease occurs at a fairly stable rate, it is said to be?

Endemic. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a fomite?

An infected toy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a vector?

A fly carrying disease from fecal matter to food. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pathology, Infection, and Disease

Pathology studies structural and functional changes in the body due to disease.

Symbiotic Relationships

Mutualism example: E. coli residing in the large intestine benefits both the bacterium and the human host.

Koch's Postulates

Established criteria to prove a specific organism causes a specific disease.
Not part of Koch's postulates: the pathogen must differ from the original organism after isolation from inoculated animals.

Disease Classification

Latent disease example: shingles.

Transmission Methods

Indirect contact transmission occurs when a person touches a contaminated surface (e.g., door handle).
Vehicle transmission involves disease spread through contaminated water (e.g., dog drinking from a creek).
Vector transmission: example includes plague spread via infected flea bites.

Zoonotic Infections

Fungal zoonosis with direct contact transmission: ringworm.

Indirect Disease Transmission

Example: student sneezes, infects instructor through the test booklet.

Nosocomial Infections

Surgical infections constitute 20% of all nosocomial infections.
Bacteremia is a common nosocomial infection from intravenous catheterizations.
Antibiotic exposure occurs even without treatment, as antibiotics can be aerosolized in the environment.

Risk Reduction in Healthcare

Invasive procedures risk introducing microbes into the bloodstream.
Health care workers can minimize nosocomial infections by employing strict aseptic techniques.

Patient Health Priority

The health of the patient should always be the primary concern of health care workers.

Surgical Procedures

Surgeons should limit invasive procedures to necessary situations to reduce infection risks.

Reporting Precautions

Patients should promptly report any observed neglect of hygiene practices by health care workers.

Catheter Use

To minimize nosocomial infections, catheter characteristics should include single-use.

Hand Hygiene

Frequent, proper handwashing is essential for both healthcare workers and patients before and after interactions.

Epidemiology

Defined as the study of disease occurrence and transmission patterns.
Role: to understand and prevent various diseases through observation and research.

Disease Prevalence

Expected prevalence is the anticipated occurrence based on historical data.
Endemic diseases occur at a stable rate within a specific area.

Disease Epidemics and Pandemics

An epidemic occurs when a disease's incidence exceeds expected levels in a region.
In a scenario, five regions experience a pandemic, with the first epidemic starting in January of the third year.

Disease Vectors and Fomites

A fomite is any object capable of transferring infection, e.g., an infected toy.
A vector is an organism, such as a fly, that carries pathogens from one host to another.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 14 of Bio115 Microbiology. This quiz covers key concepts such as pathology, symbiotic relationships, and Koch's postulates. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of microbiological principles.