BIO 140 Chapter 26: Urinary System Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the three main functions of the urinary system?

Excretion (correct)

Synthesis

Transpiration

Respiration

What is the role of erythropoietin in the synthesis function of the urinary system?

Maintaining electrolyte balance

Regulating blood pressure

Producing vitamin D

Stimulating RBC production (correct)

How does the urinary system regulate blood pressure?

By controlling blood pH

By regulating electrolyte balance

By adjusting water retention and loss (correct)

By producing vitamin D

What is the function of the process of reabsorption in the urinary system?

Reabsorbing necessary substances into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the renin hormone in the regulation function of the urinary system?

Regulating blood pressure through the RAAS system Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of the excretion function of the urinary system?

The removal of waste products from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the kidney?

Renal capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ureter?

To transport urine to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What is the region between the renal pyramids?

Renal column Signup and view all the answers

What is the involuntary muscle layer of the urinary bladder?

Detrusor muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the artery that branches off into the interlobar arteries?

Renal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium present in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium with Microvilli Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular Cells in the JG apparatus?

Secretion of Renin Signup and view all the answers

What is the region after the Renal Corpuscle where the glomerulus puts the filtrate?

Capsular Space Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is present in the Loop of Henle?

Simple Squamous Epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Pedicels in the Glomerulus?

Forming the Filtration Slits Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is present in the Distal Convoluted Tubule?

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium without Microvilli Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary System Functions

The urinary system has three main functions: excretion, regulation, and synthesis
Excretion functions: rid the body of organic wastes, excess nutrients, and aid the liver in detoxification
Regulation functions: maintain blood plasma levels, blood volume, blood pressure, and blood pH, and regulate electrolyte balance and H+ levels in the blood

Regulation of Blood Pressure and Blood Volume

The urinary system regulates blood pressure and blood volume by adjusting water retention and loss
Erythropoietin production helps regulate blood pressure
Renin hormone triggers the RAAS system to regulate blood pressure

Synthesis Functions

The urinary system synthesizes erythropoietin, a factor for RBC production
The system synthesizes calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which increases calcium absorption from the GI tract

Mechanisms of Urinary System Functions

Filtration: filters waste out of the blood
Reabsorption: reabsorbs necessary substances from the filtrate back into the bloodstream
Secretion: secretes unnecessary substances from the bloodstream into the nephron
Excretion: removes waste from the body

Major Structures of the Urinary System

Kidneys: surrounded by perirenal fat and renal fascia, with a renal capsule and hilum
Ureter: transports urine to the bladder
Urinary bladder: has a trigone, urinary rugae, and detrusor muscles
Urethra: has different regions in males and females, with internal and external sphincters

Kidney Sectional Anatomy

Renal capsule: outermost fibrous covering
Cortex: outermost functional layer
Renal column: between renal pyramids, leads to calyxes
Medulla: innermost functional layer, consists of renal pyramids and renal columns
Renal pyramid: has a vertical osmotic gradient and vascularization

Renal Vasculature

Renal artery: divided into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries
Afferent arteriole: leads to the glomerulus
Efferent arteriole: leads to the peritubular capillary
Interlobular vein: leads to the renal vein

Nephron Structure and Function

Nephron: the structural and functional unit of the kidney
Consists of renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct
Types of nephrons: cortical and juxtamedullary
Renal corpuscle: holds the glomerulus and attaches to the PCT
Glomerulus: has a capillary network, fenestrated capillaries, and a lamina densa
Podocytes: have pedicels that form filtration slits

Proximal Convoluted Tubule and Loop of Henle

PCT: has simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli to increase absorption surface area
Loop of Henle: has simple squamous epithelium and an ascending limb
Distal convoluted tubule: has simple cuboidal epithelium without microvilli, and is influenced by adrenal cortex's corticosteroids

JG Apparatus and Collecting Duct

JG apparatus: consists of juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa cells
Important substances: renin and erythropoietin
Collecting duct: has simple cuboidal epithelium and connects to the renal pelvis

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Description

This quiz covers the three main functions of the urinary system, including excretion, regulation, and synthesis. It reviews the roles of the system in maintaining blood pressure, blood volume, and pH balance.