BIO 100 Quiz 6: Transcription Concepts

Questions and Answers

Which of the following events occurs during transcription? (Select all that apply)

mRNA binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

A cap is added to the RNA molecule.

A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. (correct)

Those segments of the RNA strand that do not actually code for the protein are removed.

The message in mRNA is translated into a protein.

Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA? (Select all that apply)

Segments of mRNA that code for protein are removed before translation.

mRNA includes a cap that consists of extra adenine nucleotides.

mRNA binds directly to amino acids during translation.

mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing. (correct)

mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the cytoplasm.

The site of translation is

The cell nucleus.

The Golgi apparatus.

The plasma membrane.

Ribosomes in the cell nucleus.

Ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm. (correct)

Which one of the following does not play a role in translation?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not occur during RNA processing?

mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome. Signup and view all the answers

Can one gene make different proteins?

Yes, by splicing the resulting mRNA differently (i.e., removing different exons). Signup and view all the answers

In what way(s) can mRNAs be processed? (Select all that apply)

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Transcription factors control exon splicing.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which genes are responsible for your overall structure, such as how many legs you have and where they develop?

Homeotic genes Signup and view all the answers

DNA profiling relies on an individual's ________, no two of which are the same between different people, except identical twins.

Unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism?

A bacterium with a human gene for producing insulin. Signup and view all the answers

Restriction enzymes __________________________.

Cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. Signup and view all the answers

The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called __________________________.

the polymerase chain reaction Signup and view all the answers

Gel electrophoresis separates pieces of DNA based on _________.

Size. Signup and view all the answers

A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosome.

plasmid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE? Finding a male calico cat is:

Impossible if his genotype is XY. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE regarding X-Chromosome inactivation?

Inactivated X chromosome happens in the zygote. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT used in DNA ancestry?

X chromosome testing. Signup and view all the answers

Why is complementary DNA used in RNA sequencing?

All the above are true. Signup and view all the answers

Why do scientists measure gene expression?

Because gene expression is dynamic, and the same gene may act in different ways under different circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Okazaki fragments?

Are found in the leading strand during DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

What are Okazaki fragments?

Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transcription and Translation

Transcription forms RNA based on DNA sequences; RNA nucleotides align with complementary DNA.
mRNA, produced during transcription, moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after processing.
The translation process occurs at ribosomes located in the cytoplasm.
DNA does not directly participate in translation, as it provides the instructions for protein synthesis via RNA.

RNA Processing

RNA processing involves adding adenine nucleotides (tail) and a modified guanine nucleotide (cap) to the RNA strand.
Introns (non-coding regions) are removed from the mRNA, and exons (coding regions) are spliced together.
Different protein isoforms can be created by altering how mRNA is spliced.

Genetic Function and Gene Expression

Homeotic genes dictate an organism's overall form, such as limb development.
DNA profiling relies on the unique short tandem repeats (STRs) within DNA that vary among individuals.
Transgenic organisms contain genes from other species; for example, a bacterium with a human insulin gene.

Molecular Techniques

Restriction enzymes specifically cut DNA at designated sequences, essential for DNA manipulation in biotechnology.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA samples for various genetic analyses.
Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA pieces by size, enabling visualization of DNA fragments.

Chromosomal Features and Inheritance

Plasmids represent supplemental genetic material in bacteria, akin to an appendix in books.
Male calico cats can exist with an XXY genotype, making their occurrence rare but possible.
X-chromosome inactivation results in one X chromosome becoming inactive in female mammals, influencing traits like calico coloring.

Genetic Testing and Ancestry

Genetic ancestry testing utilizes Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA, but typically not the X chromosome.
Complementary DNA (cDNA) aids RNA sequencing by reflecting expressed genes in specific tissues and offering stability.
Measuring gene expression is vital as it can vary in different cellular contexts and conditions.

DNA Replication Insights

Okazaki fragments are produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication due to the antiparallel nature of DNA strands and are later joined by ligase.
Misunderstanding occurs if one thinks Okazaki fragments are present on the leading strand, as they exclusively form in the lagging strand.

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Test your knowledge on the transcription process in biology with our flashcards. This quiz focuses on the formation of RNA from DNA and key events in transcription. Challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of molecular biology!