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Questions and Answers
What occurs when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form a binary ionic compound?
What occurs when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form a binary ionic compound?
Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic compounds?
Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic compounds?
How do cations form in binary ionic compounds?
How do cations form in binary ionic compounds?
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
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Which of the following statements is true about nonmetals in binary ionic compounds?
Which of the following statements is true about nonmetals in binary ionic compounds?
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What is the main characteristic of binary molecular compounds?
What is the main characteristic of binary molecular compounds?
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Which prefix is used when there are two atoms of an element in a binary molecular compound?
Which prefix is used when there are two atoms of an element in a binary molecular compound?
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How do you form the name for the second element in a binary molecular compound?
How do you form the name for the second element in a binary molecular compound?
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Which of the following is an incorrect binary molecular compound formula based on its name?
Which of the following is an incorrect binary molecular compound formula based on its name?
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What is a special case in the naming of binary molecular compounds?
What is a special case in the naming of binary molecular compounds?
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What happens to the ions in an ionic compound when a force is applied?
What happens to the ions in an ionic compound when a force is applied?
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Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water?
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water?
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How is the charge of a cation from a Group 2 element typically characterized?
How is the charge of a cation from a Group 2 element typically characterized?
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What is the formula for Calcium Chloride?
What is the formula for Calcium Chloride?
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Which of the following correctly represents a compound containing a transition metal?
Which of the following correctly represents a compound containing a transition metal?
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What is a characteristic of polyatomic ions?
What is a characteristic of polyatomic ions?
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What is the correct naming convention for the anion in a binary ionic compound?
What is the correct naming convention for the anion in a binary ionic compound?
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What is the charge of the ammonium ion?
What is the charge of the ammonium ion?
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Which suffix is used for the ion with one fewer oxygen than the '-ate' form?
Which suffix is used for the ion with one fewer oxygen than the '-ate' form?
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What must the overall charge of a compound containing polyatomic ions be?
What must the overall charge of a compound containing polyatomic ions be?
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How does resonance affect polyatomic ions?
How does resonance affect polyatomic ions?
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What happens when a hydrogen ion is added to a carbonate ion?
What happens when a hydrogen ion is added to a carbonate ion?
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Which of the following is an example of a polyatomic ion?
Which of the following is an example of a polyatomic ion?
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What is the correct formula for calcium nitrate?
What is the correct formula for calcium nitrate?
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What prefix is used for an ion with one more oxygen than the '-ate' form?
What prefix is used for an ion with one more oxygen than the '-ate' form?
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Which of the following ions has a charge of -2?
Which of the following ions has a charge of -2?
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What role do phosphate ions play in biological systems?
What role do phosphate ions play in biological systems?
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Study Notes
Binary Ionic Compounds
- Binary ionic compounds are formed by the reaction of a metal and a nonmetal, resulting in the transfer of electrons.
- The metal becomes a positively charged ion (cation), and the nonmetal becomes a negatively charged ion (anion), held together by electrostatic attraction.
- Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, are hard and brittle, and conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water.
- The periodic table can be used to determine the common charges of ions.
- To write a formula for a binary ionic compound, balance the charges of the cation and anion to achieve a neutral compound.
Writing Formulas
- For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by combining a +1 sodium ion (Na⁺) with a -1 chloride ion (Cl⁻).
- Magnesium oxide (MgO) is formed by combining a +2 magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) with a -2 oxide ion (O²⁻).
- Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is formed by combining a +2 calcium ion (Ca²⁺) with two -1 chloride ions (Cl⁻).
- Aluminum sulfide (Al₂S₃) is formed by combining two +3 aluminum ions (Al³⁺) with three -2 sulfide ions (S²⁻).
- Subscripts are used to indicate the number of ions needed to balance the charges.
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
- The name of the metal cation is written first, followed by the name of the nonmetal anion, with its ending changed to "-ide."
- For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) is named by combining "sodium" with "chloride."
- Magnesium oxide (MgO) is named by combining "magnesium" with "oxide."
- Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is named by combining "calcium" with "chloride."
- For transition metals, which can have multiple charges, Roman numerals are used in parentheses to indicate the specific charge.
- For example, FeCl₂ is Iron(II) Chloride and FeCl₃ is Iron(III) Chloride.
Polyatomic Ions
- Polyatomic ions are a group of two or more atoms covalently bonded together, carrying an overall charge.
- Common polyatomic ions include nitrate (NO₃⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), and ammonium (NH₄⁺).
- The "-ate" ending indicates the more common or typical form, while "-ite" indicates an ion with one fewer oxygen atom.
- Prefixes like "per-" and "hypo-" are used to denote ions with more or less oxygen atoms, respectively.
- When writing formulas for compounds containing polyatomic ions, ensure the overall charge of the compound is neutral.
- For example, calcium nitrate is Ca(NO₃)₂.
Binary Molecular Compounds
- Binary molecular compounds are formed by two nonmetals bonded together through covalent bonds.
- Examples include water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
- Naming binary molecular compounds follows a specific set of rules using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element.
- For example, CO₂ is named carbon dioxide.
Writing Formulas
- To write the formula for a binary molecular compound, use the prefixes to determine the number of atoms of each element.
- For example, dihydrogen monoxide (H₂O) is written as H₂O, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is written as CCl₄.
- The prefixes "mono-" for the first element and vowel elision are common practices.
- Some compounds have traditional names that do not follow the standard naming rules.
Importance in Biology
- Polyatomic ions play vital roles in biological systems, including phosphate (PO₄³⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and ammonium (NH₄⁺).
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
- Binary molecular compounds contain two nonmetals
- The first element's name is written fully
- If the first element has more than one atom, a prefix is used
- The second element's name ends with the suffix "-ide"
- A prefix is used for the second element based on the number of atoms
- Examples:
- CO: Carbon monoxide
- N₂O₅: Dinitrogen pentoxide
- P₂O₃: Diphosphorus trioxide
- SF₆: Sulfur hexafluoride
- Cl₂O₇: Dichlorine heptoxide
Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds
- The element symbols are used to write formulas
- Subscripts indicate the number of atoms of each element
- Subscripts are determined by the prefixes in the compound's name
- Examples:
- Dihydrogen monosulfide: H₂S
- Diphosphorus pentasulfide: P₂S₅
- Nitrogen triiodide: NI₃
- Bromine trifluoride: BrF₃
- Carbon tetrabromide: CBr₄
Additional Concepts
- Polarity of Molecular Compounds: The difference in electronegativity between atoms affects the molecule's polarity.
- Molecular Geometry: The arrangement of atoms in a molecule influences its shape and properties.
- Intermolecular Forces: Forces between molecules affect physical properties like boiling and melting points.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of binary ionic compounds, including their formation, properties, and how to write their formulas. Understand the role of cations and anions, and learn how to balance charges to create neutral compounds. Test your knowledge on examples like sodium chloride and magnesium oxide.
