Billones Lecture Notes Bioinorganic Chemistry 1.1

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What is the main focus of bioinorganic chemists?

Investigating the toxicity of inorganic species

Developing new medical drugs using inorganic compounds

Studying the structure and function of macromolecules

Analyzing the properties of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biology (correct)

Which of the following elements is used by X-ray crystallographers and electron microscopists as a probe to help elucidate the structures of macromolecules?

Hg (correct)

Tc

Pt

Au

What are the major components of bioinorganic chemistry?

The study of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biology and the introduction of metals into biological systems as probes and drugs

The investigation of inorganic elements in nutrition and the toxicity of inorganic species

Metal-ion transport and storage in biology and the mechanisms of action of metal-based drugs

All of the above (correct)

Which of the following is not one of the three known classes of dioxygen-transport proteins?

Cobalt-containing proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using inorganic compounds like $Pt$, $Au$, and $Tc$ in biological systems?

To help elucidate the structures of macromolecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a focus area of bioinorganic chemistry investigations?

The development of new anticancer drugs using inorganic compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme catalyzes the reduction of O2 to H2O in oxygen metabolism?

Cytochrome c oxidase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion is used as an internal compass by magnetotactic bacteria?

Fe (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique iron-molybdenum cofactor in the Fe-Mo protein involved in nitrogen metabolism?

FeMoco (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia?

Nitrite reductase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hydrolytic enzymes?

Catalyze addition or removal of the elements of water in a substrate molecule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fe-Mo protein in nitrogen metabolism contain, apart from Mo and S atoms?

Fe (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the Krebs cycle?

Aconitase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What metal ion is commonly found in the active site of hydrolytic enzymes?

Zn2+ (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides?

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do alkali and alkaline earth ions play in biology?

Trigger cellular responses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of two-electron redox enzymes?

Involve atom or group transfers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What metal ions are used as triggers for specific cellular functions?

Zn2+ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcium ions in biology?

Regulate intracellular functions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion is present in the active site of tyrosinase for ortho-hydroxylation of phenolic substrates?

Cu (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion class is present in many proteins that regulate transcription?

Zn fingers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of oxygen for cytochrome P-450 enzymes during oxidation reactions?

O2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What metal ion is found in the active site of liver alcohol dehydrogenase?

Zn2+ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Mg2+ and other divalent metal ions in RNA molecules?

Activating catalytic RNA molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion stabilizes the structure of telomeres?

Mg2+ (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are metal ions like Na+ and Mg2+ involved in stabilizing nucleic-acid structures?

By shielding charged phosphate groups (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for transporting Cu in the bloodstream?

Ceruloplasmin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of metallothionein in cells when toxic metal ions are present?

Serving a protective role (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion was commonly used for the treatment of syphilis?

Fe2+ (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auranofin in medicine?

[Au(PEt3)(ttag)] is used for rheumatoid arthritis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which inorganic pharmaceutical is known for the treatment of testicular, ovarian, and head and neck tumors?

[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Transferrin' has the capacity to bind how many Fe3+ ions?

4,500 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does metallothionein do under normal conditions in cells?

Regulates metal transport, storage, and concentration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for maintaining a lobster's health according to the text?

Feeding the lobster a diet rich in protein (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consult with a marine biologist or veterinarian regarding a lobster's feeding schedule?

To determine the appropriate feeding frequency for the lobster's health (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the unique presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein suggest?

It implies a potentially distinct mechanism for electron transfer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor raises questions about the structural arrangement of the zinc-containing protein?

The coordination geometries of zinc in the protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

What potential role does zinc play in the novel electron-transport protein?

Acting as a catalyst for redox reactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to provide environmental enrichment for lobsters?

To simulate their natural environment and reduce stress (C) Signup and view all the answers

What sets apart the novel electron-transport protein from other metal-containing proteins?

Its reliance solely on zinc as an elemental component (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should water quality be a priority in lobster care?

To prevent stress and maintain overall health (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein imply about its redox activity?

It implies zinc may participate in redox reactions in certain contexts (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does environmental enrichment benefit lobsters?

By promoting reduced stress levels and encouraging natural behaviors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What would have been a potential effect if the presence of nickel ions in urease had been discovered earlier?

It would have provided direct evidence that proteins can possess non-protein components. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How could an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the field of biochemistry?

It would have sparked research into the role of metal ions as essential cofactors in enzymes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what might have been a consequence of the early discovery of nickel ions in urease?

It would have necessitated the development of purification methods that preserve metal ions' integrity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How might an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the study of metalloproteins?

It would have provided a foundation for subsequent discoveries in the field of metalloproteins. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential treatment for a sluggish and anemic lobster?

Supplementing the lobster's diet with iron. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text suggest that cardiolyte has no shelf life?

Because it is a radiopharmaceutical. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is a potential reason for the staff not providing cardiolyte at the local supplier?

Cardiolyte has a short shelf life. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What property of cardiolyte makes it a good radiopharmaceutical?

Its lack of a shelf life. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be the focus of the discussion based on the article by Wolfgang Maret?

The importance of intracellular or extracellular biological environment on the dynamics of metal coordination. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which of the following statements about the article by Wolfgang Maret is NOT true?

It explores the role of metal ions in enzyme catalysis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the lack of shelf life beneficial for the radiopharmaceutical cardiolyte?

It allows for better spatial and temporal resolution during imaging. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using radiopharmaceuticals with a short half-life?

They provide a controlled and limited exposure to radiation for patients. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the lack of shelf life in cardiolyte contribute to reducing radiation hazards?

It prevents the accumulation of radioactive waste from expired radiopharmaceuticals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the on-demand production of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte?

To minimize the decay and maximize the imaging potential of the radiopharmaceutical. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What property of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte enables precise localization and visualization of target tissues?

The emission of radiation that can be detected and imaged. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of bioinorganic chemistry in studying the novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

It challenges the traditional understanding of electron transfer processes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the observation that a novel electron-transport protein contains zinc?

It highlights the need for further investigation into the unique role of zinc in electron transfer processes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study is directly impacted by the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

Bioinorganic chemistry (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc suggest about the study of less conventional metal ions in biological systems?

It emphasizes the importance of studying less conventional metal ions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential implication of the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

It may challenge the existing understanding of the role of metals in biological systems. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique function performed by metalloproteins?

Respiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms do dioxygen molecules bind between two Cu ions?

Mollusks and arthropods (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the dioxygen-binding reactions in hemoglobin and other metalloproteins?

Hemoglobin involves a Lewis acid-base interaction, others involve electron transfer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main electron-transfer centers widely encountered in bioinorganic chemistry?

Iron-sulfur clusters and cytochromes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural role of Zn2+ ions in proteins involved in gene regulation?

To stabilize nucleic acid-binding domains (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between metalloproteins and metalloenzymes?

Metalloproteins perform structural roles, while metalloenzymes perform catalytic functions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Zn2+ ions in DNA and RNA polymerases?

The function of Zn2+ ions in these enzymes remains unclear (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the metalloregulatory protein MerR, how does the presence or absence of bound metal ions affect its activity?

The activity of the protein depends on the presence or absence of bound metal ions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the metal-binding domains in the transcription factor TFIIIA?

To directly interact with and bind to DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers