Billones Lecture Notes Bioinorganic Chemistry 1.1
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of bioinorganic chemists?

  • Investigating the toxicity of inorganic species
  • Developing new medical drugs using inorganic compounds
  • Studying the structure and function of macromolecules
  • Analyzing the properties of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biology (correct)

Which of the following elements is used by X-ray crystallographers and electron microscopists as a probe to help elucidate the structures of macromolecules?

  • Hg (correct)
  • Tc
  • Pt
  • Au

What are the major components of bioinorganic chemistry?

  • The study of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biology and the introduction of metals into biological systems as probes and drugs
  • The investigation of inorganic elements in nutrition and the toxicity of inorganic species
  • Metal-ion transport and storage in biology and the mechanisms of action of metal-based drugs
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following is not one of the three known classes of dioxygen-transport proteins?

<p>Cobalt-containing proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using inorganic compounds like $Pt$, $Au$, and $Tc$ in biological systems?

<p>To help elucidate the structures of macromolecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a focus area of bioinorganic chemistry investigations?

<p>The development of new anticancer drugs using inorganic compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme catalyzes the reduction of O2 to H2O in oxygen metabolism?

<p>Cytochrome c oxidase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion is used as an internal compass by magnetotactic bacteria?

<p>Fe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique iron-molybdenum cofactor in the Fe-Mo protein involved in nitrogen metabolism?

<p>FeMoco (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia?

<p>Nitrite reductase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hydrolytic enzymes?

<p>Catalyze addition or removal of the elements of water in a substrate molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fe-Mo protein in nitrogen metabolism contain, apart from Mo and S atoms?

<p>Fe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the Krebs cycle?

<p>Aconitase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metal ion is commonly found in the active site of hydrolytic enzymes?

<p>Zn2+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides?

<p>Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do alkali and alkaline earth ions play in biology?

<p>Trigger cellular responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of two-electron redox enzymes?

<p>Involve atom or group transfers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metal ions are used as triggers for specific cellular functions?

<p>Zn2+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcium ions in biology?

<p>Regulate intracellular functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion is present in the active site of tyrosinase for ortho-hydroxylation of phenolic substrates?

<p>Cu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion class is present in many proteins that regulate transcription?

<p>Zn fingers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of oxygen for cytochrome P-450 enzymes during oxidation reactions?

<p>O2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metal ion is found in the active site of liver alcohol dehydrogenase?

<p>Zn2+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Mg2+ and other divalent metal ions in RNA molecules?

<p>Activating catalytic RNA molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion stabilizes the structure of telomeres?

<p>Mg2+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are metal ions like Na+ and Mg2+ involved in stabilizing nucleic-acid structures?

<p>By shielding charged phosphate groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for transporting Cu in the bloodstream?

<p>Ceruloplasmin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of metallothionein in cells when toxic metal ions are present?

<p>Serving a protective role (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal ion was commonly used for the treatment of syphilis?

<p>Fe2+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auranofin in medicine?

<p>[Au(PEt3)(ttag)] is used for rheumatoid arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inorganic pharmaceutical is known for the treatment of testicular, ovarian, and head and neck tumors?

<p>[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Transferrin' has the capacity to bind how many Fe3+ ions?

<p>4,500 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does metallothionein do under normal conditions in cells?

<p>Regulates metal transport, storage, and concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for maintaining a lobster's health according to the text?

<p>Feeding the lobster a diet rich in protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consult with a marine biologist or veterinarian regarding a lobster's feeding schedule?

<p>To determine the appropriate feeding frequency for the lobster's health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the unique presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein suggest?

<p>It implies a potentially distinct mechanism for electron transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor raises questions about the structural arrangement of the zinc-containing protein?

<p>The coordination geometries of zinc in the protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential role does zinc play in the novel electron-transport protein?

<p>Acting as a catalyst for redox reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to provide environmental enrichment for lobsters?

<p>To simulate their natural environment and reduce stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets apart the novel electron-transport protein from other metal-containing proteins?

<p>Its reliance solely on zinc as an elemental component (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should water quality be a priority in lobster care?

<p>To prevent stress and maintain overall health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein imply about its redox activity?

<p>It implies zinc may participate in redox reactions in certain contexts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does environmental enrichment benefit lobsters?

<p>By promoting reduced stress levels and encouraging natural behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would have been a potential effect if the presence of nickel ions in urease had been discovered earlier?

<p>It would have provided direct evidence that proteins can possess non-protein components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How could an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the field of biochemistry?

<p>It would have sparked research into the role of metal ions as essential cofactors in enzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what might have been a consequence of the early discovery of nickel ions in urease?

<p>It would have necessitated the development of purification methods that preserve metal ions' integrity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the study of metalloproteins?

<p>It would have provided a foundation for subsequent discoveries in the field of metalloproteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential treatment for a sluggish and anemic lobster?

<p>Supplementing the lobster's diet with iron. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text suggest that cardiolyte has no shelf life?

<p>Because it is a radiopharmaceutical. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is a potential reason for the staff not providing cardiolyte at the local supplier?

<p>Cardiolyte has a short shelf life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of cardiolyte makes it a good radiopharmaceutical?

<p>Its lack of a shelf life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the focus of the discussion based on the article by Wolfgang Maret?

<p>The importance of intracellular or extracellular biological environment on the dynamics of metal coordination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which of the following statements about the article by Wolfgang Maret is NOT true?

<p>It explores the role of metal ions in enzyme catalysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the lack of shelf life beneficial for the radiopharmaceutical cardiolyte?

<p>It allows for better spatial and temporal resolution during imaging. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using radiopharmaceuticals with a short half-life?

<p>They provide a controlled and limited exposure to radiation for patients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the lack of shelf life in cardiolyte contribute to reducing radiation hazards?

<p>It prevents the accumulation of radioactive waste from expired radiopharmaceuticals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the on-demand production of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte?

<p>To minimize the decay and maximize the imaging potential of the radiopharmaceutical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte enables precise localization and visualization of target tissues?

<p>The emission of radiation that can be detected and imaged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of bioinorganic chemistry in studying the novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

<p>It challenges the traditional understanding of electron transfer processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the observation that a novel electron-transport protein contains zinc?

<p>It highlights the need for further investigation into the unique role of zinc in electron transfer processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study is directly impacted by the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

<p>Bioinorganic chemistry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc suggest about the study of less conventional metal ions in biological systems?

<p>It emphasizes the importance of studying less conventional metal ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential implication of the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

<p>It may challenge the existing understanding of the role of metals in biological systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique function performed by metalloproteins?

<p>Respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms do dioxygen molecules bind between two Cu ions?

<p>Mollusks and arthropods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the dioxygen-binding reactions in hemoglobin and other metalloproteins?

<p>Hemoglobin involves a Lewis acid-base interaction, others involve electron transfer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main electron-transfer centers widely encountered in bioinorganic chemistry?

<p>Iron-sulfur clusters and cytochromes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural role of Zn2+ ions in proteins involved in gene regulation?

<p>To stabilize nucleic acid-binding domains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between metalloproteins and metalloenzymes?

<p>Metalloproteins perform structural roles, while metalloenzymes perform catalytic functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Zn2+ ions in DNA and RNA polymerases?

<p>The function of Zn2+ ions in these enzymes remains unclear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the metalloregulatory protein MerR, how does the presence or absence of bound metal ions affect its activity?

<p>The activity of the protein depends on the presence or absence of bound metal ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the metal-binding domains in the transcription factor TFIIIA?

<p>To directly interact with and bind to DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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