Billones Lecture Notes Bioinorganic Chemistry 1.1
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of bioinorganic chemists?

  • Investigating the toxicity of inorganic species
  • Developing new medical drugs using inorganic compounds
  • Studying the structure and function of macromolecules
  • Analyzing the properties of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biology (correct)

    • Which of the following elements is used by X-ray crystallographers and electron microscopists as a probe to help elucidate the structures of macromolecules?

  • Hg (correct)
  • Tc
  • Pt
  • Au

    • What are the major components of bioinorganic chemistry?

  • The study of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biology and the introduction of metals into biological systems as probes and drugs
  • The investigation of inorganic elements in nutrition and the toxicity of inorganic species
  • Metal-ion transport and storage in biology and the mechanisms of action of metal-based drugs
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which of the following is not one of the three known classes of dioxygen-transport proteins?

    <p>Cobalt-containing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using inorganic compounds like $Pt$, $Au$, and $Tc$ in biological systems?

    <p>To help elucidate the structures of macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a focus area of bioinorganic chemistry investigations?

    <p>The development of new anticancer drugs using inorganic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the reduction of O2 to H2O in oxygen metabolism?

    <p>Cytochrome c oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal ion is used as an internal compass by magnetotactic bacteria?

    <p>Fe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique iron-molybdenum cofactor in the Fe-Mo protein involved in nitrogen metabolism?

    <p>FeMoco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia?

    <p>Nitrite reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hydrolytic enzymes?

    <p>Catalyze addition or removal of the elements of water in a substrate molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Fe-Mo protein in nitrogen metabolism contain, apart from Mo and S atoms?

    <p>Fe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Aconitase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metal ion is commonly found in the active site of hydrolytic enzymes?

    <p>Zn2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides?

    <p>Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do alkali and alkaline earth ions play in biology?

    <p>Trigger cellular responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of two-electron redox enzymes?

    <p>Involve atom or group transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metal ions are used as triggers for specific cellular functions?

    <p>Zn2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcium ions in biology?

    <p>Regulate intracellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal ion is present in the active site of tyrosinase for ortho-hydroxylation of phenolic substrates?

    <p>Cu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal ion class is present in many proteins that regulate transcription?

    <p>Zn fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of oxygen for cytochrome P-450 enzymes during oxidation reactions?

    <p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metal ion is found in the active site of liver alcohol dehydrogenase?

    <p>Zn2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Mg2+ and other divalent metal ions in RNA molecules?

    <p>Activating catalytic RNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal ion stabilizes the structure of telomeres?

    <p>Mg2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are metal ions like Na+ and Mg2+ involved in stabilizing nucleic-acid structures?

    <p>By shielding charged phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for transporting Cu in the bloodstream?

    <p>Ceruloplasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of metallothionein in cells when toxic metal ions are present?

    <p>Serving a protective role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal ion was commonly used for the treatment of syphilis?

    <p>Fe2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of auranofin in medicine?

    <p>[Au(PEt3)(ttag)] is used for rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inorganic pharmaceutical is known for the treatment of testicular, ovarian, and head and neck tumors?

    <p>[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Transferrin' has the capacity to bind how many Fe3+ ions?

    <p>4,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metallothionein do under normal conditions in cells?

    <p>Regulates metal transport, storage, and concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for maintaining a lobster's health according to the text?

    <p>Feeding the lobster a diet rich in protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consult with a marine biologist or veterinarian regarding a lobster's feeding schedule?

    <p>To determine the appropriate feeding frequency for the lobster's health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the unique presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein suggest?

    <p>It implies a potentially distinct mechanism for electron transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor raises questions about the structural arrangement of the zinc-containing protein?

    <p>The coordination geometries of zinc in the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential role does zinc play in the novel electron-transport protein?

    <p>Acting as a catalyst for redox reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to provide environmental enrichment for lobsters?

    <p>To simulate their natural environment and reduce stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets apart the novel electron-transport protein from other metal-containing proteins?

    <p>Its reliance solely on zinc as an elemental component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should water quality be a priority in lobster care?

    <p>To prevent stress and maintain overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein imply about its redox activity?

    <p>It implies zinc may participate in redox reactions in certain contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does environmental enrichment benefit lobsters?

    <p>By promoting reduced stress levels and encouraging natural behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would have been a potential effect if the presence of nickel ions in urease had been discovered earlier?

    <p>It would have provided direct evidence that proteins can possess non-protein components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How could an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the field of biochemistry?

    <p>It would have sparked research into the role of metal ions as essential cofactors in enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what might have been a consequence of the early discovery of nickel ions in urease?

    <p>It would have necessitated the development of purification methods that preserve metal ions' integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the study of metalloproteins?

    <p>It would have provided a foundation for subsequent discoveries in the field of metalloproteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential treatment for a sluggish and anemic lobster?

    <p>Supplementing the lobster's diet with iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text suggest that cardiolyte has no shelf life?

    <p>Because it is a radiopharmaceutical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is a potential reason for the staff not providing cardiolyte at the local supplier?

    <p>Cardiolyte has a short shelf life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of cardiolyte makes it a good radiopharmaceutical?

    <p>Its lack of a shelf life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the focus of the discussion based on the article by Wolfgang Maret?

    <p>The importance of intracellular or extracellular biological environment on the dynamics of metal coordination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, which of the following statements about the article by Wolfgang Maret is NOT true?

    <p>It explores the role of metal ions in enzyme catalysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the lack of shelf life beneficial for the radiopharmaceutical cardiolyte?

    <p>It allows for better spatial and temporal resolution during imaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using radiopharmaceuticals with a short half-life?

    <p>They provide a controlled and limited exposure to radiation for patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lack of shelf life in cardiolyte contribute to reducing radiation hazards?

    <p>It prevents the accumulation of radioactive waste from expired radiopharmaceuticals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the on-demand production of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte?

    <p>To minimize the decay and maximize the imaging potential of the radiopharmaceutical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte enables precise localization and visualization of target tissues?

    <p>The emission of radiation that can be detected and imaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of bioinorganic chemistry in studying the novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

    <p>It challenges the traditional understanding of electron transfer processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of the observation that a novel electron-transport protein contains zinc?

    <p>It highlights the need for further investigation into the unique role of zinc in electron transfer processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study is directly impacted by the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

    <p>Bioinorganic chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc suggest about the study of less conventional metal ions in biological systems?

    <p>It emphasizes the importance of studying less conventional metal ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential implication of the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?

    <p>It may challenge the existing understanding of the role of metals in biological systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique function performed by metalloproteins?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organisms do dioxygen molecules bind between two Cu ions?

    <p>Mollusks and arthropods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the dioxygen-binding reactions in hemoglobin and other metalloproteins?

    <p>Hemoglobin involves a Lewis acid-base interaction, others involve electron transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main electron-transfer centers widely encountered in bioinorganic chemistry?

    <p>Iron-sulfur clusters and cytochromes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural role of Zn2+ ions in proteins involved in gene regulation?

    <p>To stabilize nucleic acid-binding domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between metalloproteins and metalloenzymes?

    <p>Metalloproteins perform structural roles, while metalloenzymes perform catalytic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Zn2+ ions in DNA and RNA polymerases?

    <p>The function of Zn2+ ions in these enzymes remains unclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the metalloregulatory protein MerR, how does the presence or absence of bound metal ions affect its activity?

    <p>The activity of the protein depends on the presence or absence of bound metal ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the metal-binding domains in the transcription factor TFIIIA?

    <p>To directly interact with and bind to DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

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