72 Questions
What is the main focus of bioinorganic chemists?
Analyzing the properties of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biology
Which of the following elements is used by X-ray crystallographers and electron microscopists as a probe to help elucidate the structures of macromolecules?
Hg
What are the major components of bioinorganic chemistry?
All of the above
Which of the following is not one of the three known classes of dioxygen-transport proteins?
Cobalt-containing proteins
What is the main purpose of using inorganic compounds like $Pt$, $Au$, and $Tc$ in biological systems?
To help elucidate the structures of macromolecules
Which of the following is not a focus area of bioinorganic chemistry investigations?
The development of new anticancer drugs using inorganic compounds
What enzyme catalyzes the reduction of O2 to H2O in oxygen metabolism?
Cytochrome c oxidase
Which metal ion is used as an internal compass by magnetotactic bacteria?
Fe
What is the unique iron-molybdenum cofactor in the Fe-Mo protein involved in nitrogen metabolism?
FeMoco
Which enzyme catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia?
Nitrite reductase
What is the function of hydrolytic enzymes?
Catalyze addition or removal of the elements of water in a substrate molecule
What does the Fe-Mo protein in nitrogen metabolism contain, apart from Mo and S atoms?
Fe
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the Krebs cycle?
Aconitase
What metal ion is commonly found in the active site of hydrolytic enzymes?
Zn2+
Which enzyme is responsible for the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides?
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR)
What role do alkali and alkaline earth ions play in biology?
Trigger cellular responses
What is the function of two-electron redox enzymes?
Involve atom or group transfers
What metal ions are used as triggers for specific cellular functions?
Zn2+
What is the primary function of calcium ions in biology?
Regulate intracellular functions
Which metal ion is present in the active site of tyrosinase for ortho-hydroxylation of phenolic substrates?
Cu
Which metal ion class is present in many proteins that regulate transcription?
Zn fingers
What is the source of oxygen for cytochrome P-450 enzymes during oxidation reactions?
O2
What metal ion is found in the active site of liver alcohol dehydrogenase?
Zn2+
What is the role of Mg2+ and other divalent metal ions in RNA molecules?
Activating catalytic RNA molecules
Which metal ion stabilizes the structure of telomeres?
Mg2+
How are metal ions like Na+ and Mg2+ involved in stabilizing nucleic-acid structures?
By shielding charged phosphate groups
Which protein is responsible for transporting Cu in the bloodstream?
Ceruloplasmin
What is the role of metallothionein in cells when toxic metal ions are present?
Serving a protective role
Which metal ion was commonly used for the treatment of syphilis?
Fe2+
What is the primary function of auranofin in medicine?
[Au(PEt3)(ttag)] is used for rheumatoid arthritis
Which inorganic pharmaceutical is known for the treatment of testicular, ovarian, and head and neck tumors?
[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
'Transferrin' has the capacity to bind how many Fe3+ ions?
4,500
What does metallothionein do under normal conditions in cells?
Regulates metal transport, storage, and concentration
What is a key consideration for maintaining a lobster's health according to the text?
Feeding the lobster a diet rich in protein
Why is it important to consult with a marine biologist or veterinarian regarding a lobster's feeding schedule?
To determine the appropriate feeding frequency for the lobster's health
What does the unique presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein suggest?
It implies a potentially distinct mechanism for electron transfer
Which factor raises questions about the structural arrangement of the zinc-containing protein?
The coordination geometries of zinc in the protein
What potential role does zinc play in the novel electron-transport protein?
Acting as a catalyst for redox reactions
Why is it recommended to provide environmental enrichment for lobsters?
To simulate their natural environment and reduce stress
What sets apart the novel electron-transport protein from other metal-containing proteins?
Its reliance solely on zinc as an elemental component
Why should water quality be a priority in lobster care?
To prevent stress and maintain overall health
What does the presence of zinc in the electron-transport protein imply about its redox activity?
It implies zinc may participate in redox reactions in certain contexts
In what way does environmental enrichment benefit lobsters?
By promoting reduced stress levels and encouraging natural behaviors
What would have been a potential effect if the presence of nickel ions in urease had been discovered earlier?
It would have provided direct evidence that proteins can possess non-protein components.
How could an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the field of biochemistry?
It would have sparked research into the role of metal ions as essential cofactors in enzymes.
Based on the text, what might have been a consequence of the early discovery of nickel ions in urease?
It would have necessitated the development of purification methods that preserve metal ions' integrity.
How might an early discovery of nickel ions in urease have impacted the study of metalloproteins?
It would have provided a foundation for subsequent discoveries in the field of metalloproteins.
Which of the following is NOT a potential treatment for a sluggish and anemic lobster?
Supplementing the lobster's diet with iron.
Why does the text suggest that cardiolyte has no shelf life?
Because it is a radiopharmaceutical.
Based on the text, what is a potential reason for the staff not providing cardiolyte at the local supplier?
Cardiolyte has a short shelf life.
What property of cardiolyte makes it a good radiopharmaceutical?
Its lack of a shelf life.
What should be the focus of the discussion based on the article by Wolfgang Maret?
The importance of intracellular or extracellular biological environment on the dynamics of metal coordination.
Based on the text, which of the following statements about the article by Wolfgang Maret is NOT true?
It explores the role of metal ions in enzyme catalysis.
Why is the lack of shelf life beneficial for the radiopharmaceutical cardiolyte?
It allows for better spatial and temporal resolution during imaging.
What is the primary advantage of using radiopharmaceuticals with a short half-life?
They provide a controlled and limited exposure to radiation for patients.
How does the lack of shelf life in cardiolyte contribute to reducing radiation hazards?
It prevents the accumulation of radioactive waste from expired radiopharmaceuticals.
What is the primary reason for the on-demand production of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte?
To minimize the decay and maximize the imaging potential of the radiopharmaceutical.
What property of radiopharmaceuticals like cardiolyte enables precise localization and visualization of target tissues?
The emission of radiation that can be detected and imaged.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of bioinorganic chemistry in studying the novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?
It challenges the traditional understanding of electron transfer processes.
What is the primary significance of the observation that a novel electron-transport protein contains zinc?
It highlights the need for further investigation into the unique role of zinc in electron transfer processes.
Which field of study is directly impacted by the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?
Bioinorganic chemistry
What does the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc suggest about the study of less conventional metal ions in biological systems?
It emphasizes the importance of studying less conventional metal ions.
What is a potential implication of the observation of a novel electron-transport protein containing zinc?
It may challenge the existing understanding of the role of metals in biological systems.
What is the unique function performed by metalloproteins?
Respiration
In which organisms do dioxygen molecules bind between two Cu ions?
Mollusks and arthropods
What is the key difference between the dioxygen-binding reactions in hemoglobin and other metalloproteins?
Hemoglobin involves a Lewis acid-base interaction, others involve electron transfer
What are the two main electron-transfer centers widely encountered in bioinorganic chemistry?
Iron-sulfur clusters and cytochromes
What is the primary structural role of Zn2+ ions in proteins involved in gene regulation?
To stabilize nucleic acid-binding domains
What is the difference between metalloproteins and metalloenzymes?
Metalloproteins perform structural roles, while metalloenzymes perform catalytic functions
What is the role of Zn2+ ions in DNA and RNA polymerases?
The function of Zn2+ ions in these enzymes remains unclear
In the metalloregulatory protein MerR, how does the presence or absence of bound metal ions affect its activity?
The activity of the protein depends on the presence or absence of bound metal ions
What is the role of the metal-binding domains in the transcription factor TFIIIA?
To directly interact with and bind to DNA
Explore the fundamentals of Bioinorganic Chemistry as it pertains to the essential inorganic elements in living organisms. Learn how bioinorganic chemists study elements like Hg and Pt, and their functions in vivo.
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