Bill of Rights and Stare Decisis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the 1st Amendment guarantee?

Right to bear arms

Right to trial by jury in civil cases

Protection against cruel and unusual punishment

Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition (correct)

Which Amendment addresses the issue of quartering soldiers?

4th Amendment

3rd Amendment (correct)

1st Amendment

5th Amendment

What does the 4th Amendment protect against?

Excessive fines

Double jeopardy

Unreasonable search and seizure (correct)

Right to fair trial

Which Amendment abolished slavery in the U.S.?

13th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What is the required proof in a civil trial?

Preponderance of the evidence Signup and view all the answers

What does the 9th Amendment ensure regarding rights?

Rights not listed in the Constitution are retained by the people Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Stare Decisis' refer to?

When a higher court agrees with a lower court's decision Signup and view all the answers

Why are laws and the Constitution considered living documents?

They can change due to societal changes Signup and view all the answers

What does the automobile exception allow law enforcement to do?

Search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Mapp v. Ohio?

Said the exclusionary rule applies to states as well. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is a Miranda warning necessary?

When a person is in custody and being interrogated. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes probable cause?

A reasonable belief that a crime has been committed or someone is involved. Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal standard for reasonable suspicion?

Good reason to suspect criminal activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exclusionary rule?

To prevent the use of evidence obtained through unreasonable searches and seizures. Signup and view all the answers

What principle was established in Terry v. Ohio?

Police can stop and investigate with reasonable suspicion of a crime. Signup and view all the answers

What did the case of California v. Acevedo (1991) clarify regarding police searches?

Police can search containers in a vehicle with probable cause. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutional violation was involved in the case of Morgan v. Fairfield County?

Expectation of privacy Signup and view all the answers

In United States v. Shrum, why was the evidence found by the police deemed inadmissible?

It was a fishing expedition Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling regarding the police's actions in Crocker v. Beatty?

Seizure of the phone was unconstitutional Signup and view all the answers

What principle was established in Nix v. Williams that justified the evidence obtained?

Inevitable discovery Signup and view all the answers

In United States v. Burwell, why was the evidence found deemed voluntarily obtained?

Burwell initiated the conversation Signup and view all the answers

How did the court rule on the actions of police in United States v. Herring?

Police acted in good faith Signup and view all the answers

What was the constitutional issue in Michigan v. Tucker?

Lack of informed rights during arrest Signup and view all the answers

What incident led to the invalidation of the police's search in United States v. Davis?

Phone records were obtained without a warrant Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bill of Rights

Contains the Preamble and the first ten Amendments
1st Amendment: Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition
2nd Amendment: Right to keep and bear arms
3rd Amendment: Quartering of soldiers
4th Amendment: No unreasonable search and seizure
5th Amendment: Right to Due Process, no self-incrimination, double jeopardy
6th Amendment: Right to a speedy and public trial, right to be informed of charges, right to confront witnesses, right to legal representation
7th Amendment: Right to jury trial in civil cases exceeding $20
8th Amendment: Protection against excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment
9th Amendment: Government cannot take away rights not explicitly listed in the Constitution
10th Amendment: Powers not given to the federal government are reserved for states or the people
13th Amendment: Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
14th Amendment: Civil rights to all citizens

Stare Decisis

High court agrees with lower court's decision

Venue

Location where a trial is held

Voir Dire

Process to determine if a juror can serve fairly and impartially

Criminal Trial Proof

Beyond a reasonable doubt

Civil Trial Proof

Preponderance of the evidence

Living Documents

Laws and Constitution are considered living documents

Miranda

Notification of rights to a suspect

Chimel Case

Police can search an area within a suspect's immediate control after arrest

Katz Case

Fourth Amendment protects a person's reasonable expectation of privacy, even in public places

Carroll v. US

Automobile exception; probable cause allows vehicle search without warrant

Mapp v. Ohio

Exclusionary rule applies to states regarding unreasonable searches

Weeks v. US

Exclusionary rule preventing government from using illegally obtained evidence

When do you need a Miranda Warning?

When a person is in custody and being questioned

Probable Cause

Reasonable belief that a crime has been committed

Reasonable Suspicion

Good reason to suspect criminal activity

Corpus Delicti

Proof that a crime occurred before charging someone

Habeas Corpus

Legal procedure to challenge imprisonment legality

Terry v. Ohio

Allows police to stop and frisk with reasonable suspicion of criminal activity

Ingraham v. Wright

Upheld the use of corporal punishment in schools

Graham v. Connor

Standard for judging excessive force claims by police

Other Cases

Various cases involving searches, seizures, rights of suspects, police conduct, and constitutional issues are listed such as United States v. Patane, California v. Acevedo, Taylor v. Saginaw, Morgan v. Fairfield County, United States v. Shrum, Crocker v. Beatty, United States v. Burwell, Montanez v. Carvajal, United States v. Herring, Mullenix v. Luna, Nix v. Williams, and United States v. Davis

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Bill of Rights and important legal principles like Stare Decisis. This quiz covers the first ten Amendments of the Constitution, highlighting key civil liberties and rights as well as foundational legal doctrines. Perfect for students studying American Government or Constitutional Law.