Ch8

<p>Bereiter and Engelman, and Basil Bernstein. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethnically diverse, of Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, Korean, and Portuguese parentage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>English, monolingually. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recorded sentences evaluated in terms of standard English usage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could potentially lead to retardation in language development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Someone who knows two languages, which can be in the same or different modalities (speech, sign, or written). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person who only understands technical jargon in both English and German, but cannot hold a conversation in either. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can fluently read and write Sanskrit but may not be able to speak or understand its spoken form to a significant degree. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variety of modalities (speech, sight, and visual motion) through which language can be acquired. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The age at which a young child should learn a second language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To emphasize that sign languages are true languages and that bilingualism isn't limited solely to spoken languages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most people consider bilingualism to be something good. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide answers to questions about bilingualism, intelligence, language transfer and language learning strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adverbial + Subject + Object + Verb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error caused by Interference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be placed in the beginning of the sentence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misapplication of article rules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confusion about the status of the noun ‘dinner’ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using first-language knowledge when lacking in the second language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Article Insertion Strategy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The correct placement of adverbials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance the frequency of speech, leading to more linguistic input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingualism causes confusion in thinking processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a second-language rule in an inappropriate context. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interference from Japanese syntax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use codeswitching to incorporate first-language words. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The familiarity with the target language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tests often contained culturally biased items. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rubin, Wenden, and Cohen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquisition of a second language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peal and Lambert's study in 1962. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating entirely new terms for familiar objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater mental flexibility and abstract thinking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversing in complete silence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilinguals have a disadvantage in intelligence tests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pay more attention to structural patterns and functions of words. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their performance on puzzle solving and verbal instructions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syntax similarity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swedish speakers learn English faster than Finnish speakers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pronunciation difficulties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not enough without good syntax and vocabulary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Even when the languages are quite different (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are from the same language family. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good syntax with good vocabulary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to speak and understand two languages.

Different ways in which bilingualism can manifest, including speech, sign, and written forms.

Bilinguals can be fluent in both languages, proficient in reading/writing only, or use sign language.

The difference where one can read and write in a second language but not speak it fluently.

Most people view bilingualism positively, seeing it as beneficial.

The means through which languages can be acquired: sound (speech), sight (writing), or visual motion (signs).

Individuals who know sign languages alongside spoken languages; common among deaf individuals.

Questions arise if learning a second language impacts intelligence or cognitive abilities.

The process of acquiring and mastering one's native language.

Concerns that bilingualism may hinder language development.

A study in the 1930s comparing language development in Iowa and Hawaii.

Study found Hawaiian bilingual children made more English errors than Iowa children.

A local dialect of English used by some Hawaiian children.

Prejudice in assessing language ability based on dialect or background.

Standard English follows conventional grammar and usage; non-standard does not.

Standardized tests measuring intelligence and cognitive abilities.

When tests favor one culture over another, impacting outcomes.

A study demonstrating bilingualism enhances mental flexibility.

The degree of skill at using a language.

The ability to adapt thinking to new ideas and situations.

Study comparing monolingual and bilingual children's problem-solving.

The ability to think about concepts beyond the tangible.

The influence of a first language on the learning of a second language.

The degree of resemblance in syntax, vocabulary, and pronunciation between languages.

Syntax is crucial for second-language success; poor syntax hinders communication.

Vocabulary is vital; good syntax with poor vocabulary will not succeed.

Pronunciation can be a significant barrier when learning languages with different sound systems.

Prior knowledge of a language helps in learning a new language even if they are different.

Bilingual individuals often learn a new language faster if their first languages are similar.

Languages belong to different families; Indo-European is closer to English than Uralic languages like Finnish.

The sequence of elements in a sentence, such as Subject, Object, Verb.

A phrase that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.

A mistake in language due to the influence of the speaker's first language.

Mistakes made when applying language rules improperly from the second language.

Mistakes resulting from direct translation or applying first language rules in the second language.

The correct position of adverbials in a sentence for clarity and grammaticality.

The use of articles (like 'a' or 'the') before nouns in English to indicate specificity or quantity.

A tactic where a speaker inserts an article when unsure of its necessity in a sentence.

Using knowledge from the first language to help understand the second language.

Techniques used to maintain conversation and encourage speaking.

Applying a rule of the second language incorrectly.

Switching between languages in conversation, using the first language for unknown words.

Creating new terms when specific words are unknown in the second language.

The language exposure a learner receives, which aids in learning.

Techniques to improve the acquisition of a second language.

Individuals studying strategies for better second-language acquisition.