Bile Composition and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What effect does increased acid secretion have on further gastrin secretion?

  • Inhibits further gastrin secretion (correct)
  • Has no effect on gastrin secretion
  • Changes the type of gastrin secreted
  • Increases gastrin secretion

    • What is the primary route for the body to dispose of cholesterol?

  • Through bile (correct)
  • Through the kidneys
  • Through the skin
  • Through the intestine

    • Besides I cells in the mucosa of the upper small intestine, where else is Cholecystokinin (CCK) found?

  • In nerves in the distal ileum and colon (correct)
  • Only in the liver
  • Only in the stomach
  • Only in the brain

    • Which component is responsible for the golden yellow color of bile?

    <p>Biliverdin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an action of Cholecystokinin (CCK) as described in the text?

    <p>Promoting relaxation of the esophageal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in secretion between the three glands mentioned in the text?

    <p>Proportion of serous and mucous acinar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion?

    <p>Aiding in fat digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does saliva help neutralize any gastric secretions that reflux into the esophagus?

    <p>By being alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers increased secretion of Cholecystokinin (CCK) according to the text?

    <p>Contact with peptides and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modality is NOT involved in gastrointestinal regulation discussed in the text?

    <p>Exocrine regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system plays the most significant role in controlling salivary secretion?

    <p>Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body, besides the intestinal mucosa, secretes Cholecystokinin (CCK)?

    <p>Nerves in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much bile is secreted per day on average?

    <p>500 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of saliva mentioned in the text?

    <p>Facilitating movements of lips and tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to some components of bile after being reabsorbed in the intestine?

    <p>They are excreted by the liver again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the gastric phase of secretion occur?

    <p>During food storage in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the cephalic phase of gastric secretion according to the text?

    <p>Food preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)?

    <p>Glucose and fat in the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of GIP when administered at blood levels similar to those produced by oral glucose?

    <p>Stimulates insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is somatostatin primarily secreted from?

    <p>Pancreatic islets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of somatostatin in inhibiting hormone secretion?

    <p>Inhibits the secretion of gastrin, VIP, GIP, secretin, and motilin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does motilin act on in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>G-protein-coupled receptors on enteric neurons in the duodenum and colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of motilin in the gastrointestinal system between meals?

    <p>Stimulation of smooth muscle contraction in the stomach and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ghrelin in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Stimulates growth hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Substance P found and what is its effect in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Found in the gastrointestinal tract; increases small intestine motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system is sometimes referred to as the 'little brain' due to its role in regulating gastrointestinal function?

    <p>Enteric Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of the myenteric plexus concerning motor control?

    <p>Innervates longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship of the Enteric Nervous System with the CNS?

    <p>Can function autonomously without CNS connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ghrelin in relation to growth hormone secretion?

    <p>Stimulates growth hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of saliva as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Neutralizing acidic gastric secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system branch plays the most prominent role in controlling salivary secretion?

    <p>Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of the cephalic phase on gastric secretion?

    <p>Prepares the stomach to receive food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland contributes a significant volume of digestive juices to a meal?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of salivary acinar cells in determining saliva composition?

    <p>Controlling the proportion of proteinaceous and mucinous components in saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of saliva in relation to taste buds?

    <p>Acts as a solvent for taste molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of mucus secretion in the stomach according to the text?

    <p>To protect the stomach lining from self-digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the stomach are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of intrinsic factor in the digestion process?

    <p>Aids in vitamin B12 absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by G cells in response to a specific neurotransmitter from enteric nerve endings?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor of pepsin, the enzyme that initiates protein digestion?

    <p>Pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is important for beginning the digestion of dietary fats in the stomach?

    <p>Gastric lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal physiologic action of Gastrin as described in the text?

    <p>Stimulation of the growth of the mucosa of the stomach and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What directly inhibits Gastrin secretion by acting partly on G cells as per the text?

    <p>Acid in the antrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of the negative feedback loop regulating Gastrin secretion according to the text?

    <p>Release of somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of acid in the antrum on Gastrin secretion?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects Gastrin secretion by acting directly on G cells?

    <p>Protein digestion products in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion?

    <p>To aid in the breakdown and absorption of fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are G cells, responsible for producing Gastrin, primarily located?

    <p>Antral portion of the gastric mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bile, what component is responsible for the golden yellow color?

    <p>Glucuronides of bile pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers endocrine regulation in gastrointestinal function?

    <p>The release of hormones by meal-associated triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route through which the body disposes of cholesterol?

    <p>Conversion to bile acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to some components of bile after being reabsorbed in the intestine?

    <p>They are excreted by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of bile represents the most important aspect when considering it as a digestive secretion?

    <p>Bile acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does ghrelin have on growth hormone secretion?

    <p>Stimulates growth hormone secretion by the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Enteric Nervous System connected to the central nervous system?

    <p>Through sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Substance P in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Increases the motility of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does somatostatin primarily inhibit the secretion of?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what part of the gastrointestinal tract does Ghrelin play a crucial role?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the myenteric plexus in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Control of smooth muscle layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of intrinsic factor mentioned in the text?

    <p>Aids in the absorption of vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of gastrin as discussed in the text?

    <p>Stimulates G cells in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary stimulus of gastric secretion based on the text?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pepsinogen in the digestive process as per the text?

    <p>Precursor of pepsin for protein digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Intrinsic factor' is secreted by which type of cells in the stomach according to the text?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of gastric secretion added to intestinal contents per day as mentioned in the text?

    <p>~2.5 L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion according to the text?

    <p>Emulsify fats to aid in their digestion and absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the three pairs of salivary glands located that produce saliva for food digestion?

    <p>Draining into the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal hormone is responsible for stimulating acid secretion in the stomach?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant function of the myenteric plexus within the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Regulating movement of food through the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Saliva mainly serves as a protective barrier against stomach acid.

    <p><strong>False</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the gastrointestinal system has a substantial surface area important for absorption?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of somatostatin in the gastrointestinal tract, as described in the text?

    <p>Inhibiting the release of gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of intrinsic factor in the digestion process, according to the text?

    <p>Aiding in the absorption of vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers increased secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) based on the text?

    <p>Presence of meal constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an action of ghrelin as described in the text?

    <p>Stimulates pancreatic enzyme release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the stomach are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a key mechanism whereby gastric secretion is terminated after a meal moves from the stomach into the small intestine?

    <p>Release of somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of saliva mentioned in the text?

    <p>Keeps the mouth and teeth clean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the cephalic phase of gastric secretion occur?

    <p>In the mouth before food enters the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system branch slightly modifies the composition of saliva?

    <p>Sympathetic branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the gastric phase of secretion?

    <p>Adding digestive juices to the meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant influencer of salivary secretion?

    <p>Parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does saliva do to facilitate speech?

    <p>Facilitates movements of lips and tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the digestive enzymes in pancreatic juice primarily activated?

    <p>Following proteolytic cleavage by trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk associated with the release of a small amount of trypsin into the pancreas?

    <p>Potential digestion of the pancreas by active enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the pancreas secrete a trypsin inhibitor?

    <p>To prevent self-digestion by trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary control mechanism for the secretion of pancreatic juice?

    <p>Hormonal control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical function of bile in digestion?

    <p>To assist in the digestion and absorption of fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are zymogen granules containing digestive enzymes discharged into the lumens of pancreatic ducts?

    <p>By exocytosis from the apexes of the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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