24 Questions
Where are monosaccharides converted into glucose?
Liver
What is the purpose of glycogen in the liver and muscles?
To store glucose for energy
What is the role of the circulatory system in glucose transportation?
To transport glucose from the liver to all parts of the body
What is the main function of bile salts in digestion?
Emulsifying fats into smaller droplets for enzymatic digestion
What happens to excess glucose in the liver?
It is stored as glycogen
Where are amino acids carried from the small intestine?
Directly to the liver
Where is bile produced and stored?
Liver and gall bladder
What is the purpose of the liver in processing amino acids?
To convert them into sugars
What happens to bile pigments in the digestive process?
They are eliminated with the feces
What is the fate of urea in the body?
It is expelled from the body in urine
What is the purpose of the bicarbonate in the pancreatic fluid?
To alter the pH of chyme to a weakly basic condition
What is the role of enzymatic digestion in the small intestine?
Breaking down macromolecules into smaller molecules
What is the function of the gall bladder in the digestive process?
Storing and releasing bile between meals
What is the function of the accessory organs in the alimentary canal?
To produce fluids that aid in digestion
What two factors affect the proper functioning of enzymes?
Temperature and pH
What is the primary site of absorption of fatty acids in the digestive system?
Small intestine and large intestine
What is the approximate daily volume of pancreatic fluid secreted by the pancreas?
1 L
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids?
Protease
What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?
To secrete bile for fat digestion
What is the name of the section of the small intestine that follows immediately after the jejunum?
Ileum
What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive process?
Producing bile and detoxifying the blood
What is the pH of chyme after the addition of bicarbonate from pancreatic fluid?
Weakly basic (pH 8)
Where does the pancreatic fluid containing enzymes enter the digestive system?
Duodenum
What is the approximate mass of the liver in an adult human?
1.5 kg
Study Notes
The Liver and Bile Production
- The liver produces bile, a greenish-yellow fluid mixture composed of bile pigments and bile salts.
- Bile pigments are waste products from the liver's destruction of old red blood cells and are eliminated with the feces.
- Bile salts are essential for the digestion of fats, acting like a detergent to break up fat droplets into smaller ones.
The Function of Bile Salts
- Bile salts physically break up fat droplets into smaller ones, increasing their surface area for enzymatic breakdown in the small intestine.
- This allows for easier absorption of fats by intestinal cells.
Accessory Organs
- The pancreas and gall bladder are not part of the alimentary canal but are connected to it by ducts.
- They produce essential fluids for digestion, with the pancreas secreting about 1 L of pancreatic fluid into the duodenum daily.
Pancreatic Fluid
- Pancreatic fluid contains numerous enzymes that chemically digest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
- It also contains bicarbonate, which alters the pH of chyme from acidic to weakly basic, allowing enzymes to function efficiently.
Liver Functions
- The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, with a mass of about 1.5 kg.
- It converts monosaccharides into glucose, which is then carried to all parts of the body as a source of energy.
- The liver also converts excess glucose into glycogen for temporary storage.
Amino Acid and Protein Processing
- Amino acids are carried by the bloodstream from the small intestine to the liver, where they are processed and converted into sugars or used in energy-releasing reactions.
- Some amino acids undergo further transformations in the liver, eventually becoming a nitrogen-rich waste called urea, which is filtered and expelled from the body in urine.
This quiz is about the role of bile in digestion, its composition, and its functions. Bile is a vital secretion produced by the liver, comprising bile pigments and bile salts.
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