Questions and Answers
What was John Hay's task in China?
Assert U.S. trading interests without resorting to war.
What does the Open Door Policy state?
No discrimination of foreign powers within a country's sphere of influence and the nation's existing tariff structure would remain in effect.
Who was the Open Door Policy 'to'?
Europe
Who was the Open Door Policy 'about'?
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What did the Open Door Policy lack?
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Who were the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or Boxers?
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What was the Boxer Rebellion?
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What opportunity did the U.S.'s participation in ending the Boxer Rebellion give them?
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What was the Progressive movement?
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What were Roosevelt's goals to promote Progressivism?
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Roosevelt believed it was the USA's job to spread the benefits of _____________ around the world.
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What is Big Stick Diplomacy?
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What was The Great White Fleet?
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What was the backbone of Roosevelt's Big Stick Diplomacy?
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What did Roosevelt mean by 'speaking softly'?
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Where did Roosevelt primarily carry his 'big stick'?
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Who failed to complete the Panama Canal before the U.S. took over the project?
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What were the two leading options for where to build what became the Panama Canal?
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Who rejected the USA's offer to lease the land to build the canal for 100 years and $10 million?
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What happened as a result of the initial rejection of the U.S.'s offer to lease the land to build the canal?
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What did Progressives point to as a testament of U.S. ingenuity, hard work, and industry?
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What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
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What event(s) prompted the Roosevelt Corollary?
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Who was the Roosevelt Corollary addressed to?
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Who had the Monroe Doctrine been addressed to?
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What does the Roosevelt Corollary provide?
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Where was the Roosevelt Corollary first used?
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How did the Roosevelt Corollary operate in Santo Domingo?
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What is extraterritoriality?
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Who sought to hold the same foreign policy course as Theodore Roosevelt?
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What is Dollar Diplomacy?
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Instead of depending on the military, Dollar Diplomacy depended on a strong ______________.
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In what area did Taft want Latin and South America to model/mirror the U.S.?
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Besides Latin America, where else did Dollar Diplomacy extend?
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Who was a strong anti-imperialist who rejected Big Stick and Dollar Diplomacy?
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What is Moral Diplomacy?
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In the end, Wilson realized his new diplomacy could only be carried out and backed up with ______________.
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What area did Wilson agree with Roosevelt and Taft on?
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How did Wilson's actions in China resemble Dollar Diplomacy?
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Where did Wilson's actions resemble Big Stick Diplomacy?
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Study Notes
U.S. Diplomacy Concepts
- Assert U.S. trading interests without war defined John Hay's mission in China.
- The Open Door Policy aimed for equality among foreign nations in China's economic regions, maintaining existing tariffs.
- Open Door Policy was directed towards European powers while focusing on Chinese interests.
- Lacked military backing and international authority, undermining the Open Door Policy's effectiveness.
Boxer Rebellion
- The Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the Boxers, were a nationalist group in China opposing European dominance in 1900.
- The Boxer Rebellion involved attacks on foreign embassies, notably the British embassy in Beijing.
- U.S. involvement in quelling the Boxer Rebellion allowed further support for the Open Door Policy.
Progressive Movement
- The Progressive movement encompassed various U.S. societal interests advocating modern, scientific approaches to industry, military, and diplomacy.
- Roosevelt aimed to modernize diplomacy, centralize military efforts, and civilize less developed nations.
Big Stick Diplomacy
- Big Stick Diplomacy promoted U.S. foreign policy through credible military threats.
- The Great White Fleet symbolized Roosevelt's powerful, modernized navy showcased worldwide.
- Big Stick Diplomacy primarily focused on Latin America.
Panama Canal Construction
- France's inability to complete the Panama Canal project led to U.S. involvement.
- Nicaragua and Panama were primary candidates for canal construction.
- Colombia rejected a $10 million lease offer to the U.S. for canal land, leading to a pivotal response.
- Following Colombia's rejection, Panama's revolt was supported by the U.S. military, resulting in Panama's independence and agreement on canal terms.
- The Panama Canal became a symbol of U.S. ingenuity and industriousness.
Roosevelt Corollary
- The Roosevelt Corollary expanded the Monroe Doctrine, addressing financial stability in Central and South America.
- Triggered by Venezuela's default on loans leading to foreign military intervention.
- Assured that the U.S. would manage financial stability in Latin and South America to preempt foreign interference.
Dollar Diplomacy
- Under Taft, Dollar Diplomacy extended Big Stick Diplomacy, focusing on economic strength over military actions.
- Emphasized economic modeling of Latin America after the U.S.
- Expanded to countries like Liberia, China, and Manchuria in addition to Latin America.
Moral Diplomacy
- Wilson's approach was anti-imperialist, focusing on human rights and constitutional liberty rather than military or economic pressure.
- Recognized the necessity for military force to support his diplomatic ideals when needed.
- Wilson concurred on promoting international trade and U.S. financial interests, reflecting continuity with Roosevelt and Taft.
- His actions in China involved authorizing private loans similar to Dollar Diplomacy, while intervention in Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti echoed Big Stick Diplomacy tactics.
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Test your knowledge on key concepts of Big Stick, Dollar, and Moral Diplomacy with these flashcards. Understand crucial policies like the Open Door Policy and their significance in U.S. history. Ideal for students studying American foreign policy.