Big Stick, Dollar, and Moral Diplomacy

Questions and Answers

What was John Hay's task in China?

Assert U.S. trading interests without resorting to war.

What does the Open Door Policy state?

No discrimination of foreign powers within a country's sphere of influence and the nation's existing tariff structure would remain in effect.

Who was the Open Door Policy 'to'?

Europe

Who was the Open Door Policy 'about'?

China Signup and view all the answers

What did the Open Door Policy lack?

Military backing and international authority. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or Boxers?

Group of Chinese nationalists who rose up against European powers in China in 1900. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

The name of the uprising where the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or Boxers, attacked besieged the British embassy in Beijing. Signup and view all the answers

What opportunity did the U.S.'s participation in ending the Boxer Rebellion give them?

US could further push and promote Open Door Policy. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Progressive movement?

A diverse group of interests in U.S. society that believed U.S. ascendancy on the world stage depended on a modern, scientific and professional approach in everything from industry to the military and diplomacy. Signup and view all the answers

What were Roosevelt's goals to promote Progressivism?

Modernize the diplomatic corp, centralize and improve military, and civilize the backwards people of the world. Signup and view all the answers

Roosevelt believed it was the USA's job to spread the benefits of _____________ around the world.

civilization Signup and view all the answers

What is Big Stick Diplomacy?

The notion that the USA could achieve its foreign policy goals if it backed its interests with a credible military threat. Signup and view all the answers

What was The Great White Fleet?

Roosevelt's new and modernized navy which he paraded around the world. Signup and view all the answers

What was the backbone of Roosevelt's Big Stick Diplomacy?

A large and modern navy Signup and view all the answers

What did Roosevelt mean by 'speaking softly'?

Brokered peace between Russia and Japan, brought US and UK closer than ever, mediated a settlement on Morocco. Signup and view all the answers

Where did Roosevelt primarily carry his 'big stick'?

Latin America Signup and view all the answers

Who failed to complete the Panama Canal before the U.S. took over the project?

France Signup and view all the answers

What were the two leading options for where to build what became the Panama Canal?

Nicaragua and Panama Signup and view all the answers

Who rejected the USA's offer to lease the land to build the canal for 100 years and $10 million?

Colombia Signup and view all the answers

What happened as a result of the initial rejection of the U.S.'s offer to lease the land to build the canal?

Panamanians revolted, Roosevelt sent warships and troops to Panama, Panama became independent and agreed to the original terms of the agreement. Signup and view all the answers

What did Progressives point to as a testament of U.S. ingenuity, hard work, and industry?

Panama Canal Signup and view all the answers

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

What was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine? Signup and view all the answers

What event(s) prompted the Roosevelt Corollary?

Venezuela defaulted on loans to Germany, Britain, and Italy resulting in those nations blockading and shelling Venezuelan ports and cities. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Roosevelt Corollary addressed to?

Latin and South America Signup and view all the answers

Who had the Monroe Doctrine been addressed to?

Europe Signup and view all the answers

What does the Roosevelt Corollary provide?

An assurance that if the nations of Central and South America could not keep their financial houses in order, the U.S. would step in and manage their finances for them. Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Roosevelt Corollary first used?

Santo Domingo Signup and view all the answers

How did the Roosevelt Corollary operate in Santo Domingo?

55% paid to foreign creditors, 45% to running the gov't. Signup and view all the answers

What is extraterritoriality?

A principle by which a country enforces its laws outside of its own borders. Signup and view all the answers

Who sought to hold the same foreign policy course as Theodore Roosevelt?

William Howard Taft Signup and view all the answers

What is Dollar Diplomacy?

Taft's extension of Big Stick Diplomacy. Signup and view all the answers

Instead of depending on the military, Dollar Diplomacy depended on a strong ______________.

economy Signup and view all the answers

In what area did Taft want Latin and South America to model/mirror the U.S.?

Economically Signup and view all the answers

Besides Latin America, where else did Dollar Diplomacy extend?

Liberia, China and Manchuria Signup and view all the answers

Who was a strong anti-imperialist who rejected Big Stick and Dollar Diplomacy?

Woodrow Wilson Signup and view all the answers

What is Moral Diplomacy?

A foreign policy that would encourage human rights and the development of 'constitutional liberty' in the world. Signup and view all the answers

In the end, Wilson realized his new diplomacy could only be carried out and backed up with ______________.

military force Signup and view all the answers

What area did Wilson agree with Roosevelt and Taft on?

The expansion of international trade and U.S. financial interests. Signup and view all the answers

How did Wilson's actions in China resemble Dollar Diplomacy?

He authorized private loans and promised military action if they defaulted on them. Signup and view all the answers

Where did Wilson's actions resemble Big Stick Diplomacy?

Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Haiti Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

U.S. Diplomacy Concepts

Assert U.S. trading interests without war defined John Hay's mission in China.
The Open Door Policy aimed for equality among foreign nations in China's economic regions, maintaining existing tariffs.
Open Door Policy was directed towards European powers while focusing on Chinese interests.
Lacked military backing and international authority, undermining the Open Door Policy's effectiveness.

Boxer Rebellion

The Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the Boxers, were a nationalist group in China opposing European dominance in 1900.
The Boxer Rebellion involved attacks on foreign embassies, notably the British embassy in Beijing.
U.S. involvement in quelling the Boxer Rebellion allowed further support for the Open Door Policy.

Progressive Movement

The Progressive movement encompassed various U.S. societal interests advocating modern, scientific approaches to industry, military, and diplomacy.
Roosevelt aimed to modernize diplomacy, centralize military efforts, and civilize less developed nations.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Big Stick Diplomacy promoted U.S. foreign policy through credible military threats.
The Great White Fleet symbolized Roosevelt's powerful, modernized navy showcased worldwide.
Big Stick Diplomacy primarily focused on Latin America.

Panama Canal Construction

France's inability to complete the Panama Canal project led to U.S. involvement.
Nicaragua and Panama were primary candidates for canal construction.
Colombia rejected a $10 million lease offer to the U.S. for canal land, leading to a pivotal response.
Following Colombia's rejection, Panama's revolt was supported by the U.S. military, resulting in Panama's independence and agreement on canal terms.
The Panama Canal became a symbol of U.S. ingenuity and industriousness.

Roosevelt Corollary

The Roosevelt Corollary expanded the Monroe Doctrine, addressing financial stability in Central and South America.
Triggered by Venezuela's default on loans leading to foreign military intervention.
Assured that the U.S. would manage financial stability in Latin and South America to preempt foreign interference.

Dollar Diplomacy

Under Taft, Dollar Diplomacy extended Big Stick Diplomacy, focusing on economic strength over military actions.
Emphasized economic modeling of Latin America after the U.S.
Expanded to countries like Liberia, China, and Manchuria in addition to Latin America.

Moral Diplomacy

Wilson's approach was anti-imperialist, focusing on human rights and constitutional liberty rather than military or economic pressure.
Recognized the necessity for military force to support his diplomatic ideals when needed.
Wilson concurred on promoting international trade and U.S. financial interests, reflecting continuity with Roosevelt and Taft.
His actions in China involved authorizing private loans similar to Dollar Diplomacy, while intervention in Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti echoed Big Stick Diplomacy tactics.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts of Big Stick, Dollar, and Moral Diplomacy with these flashcards. Understand crucial policies like the Open Door Policy and their significance in U.S. history. Ideal for students studying American foreign policy.