Podcast
Questions and Answers
What additional factor does the HEXACO model introduce to the Big Five personality traits?
What additional factor does the HEXACO model introduce to the Big Five personality traits?
Which term is most likely associated with the personality trait of conscientiousness?
Which term is most likely associated with the personality trait of conscientiousness?
Which of the following traits is associated with openness to experience?
Which of the following traits is associated with openness to experience?
According to the general consensus among psychologists by 2009, what factors are important in understanding human behavior?
According to the general consensus among psychologists by 2009, what factors are important in understanding human behavior?
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What negative perception might people have of those high in openness to experience?
What negative perception might people have of those high in openness to experience?
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What does the Common Cause Model suggest about personality traits and CMDs?
What does the Common Cause Model suggest about personality traits and CMDs?
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According to the Spectrum Model, what is the relationship between personality and psychopathology?
According to the Spectrum Model, what is the relationship between personality and psychopathology?
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What does the Scar Model indicate about mental disorders and personality?
What does the Scar Model indicate about mental disorders and personality?
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Which Big Five personality trait was found to be most related to worse subjective health outcomes?
Which Big Five personality trait was found to be most related to worse subjective health outcomes?
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How does high conscientiousness relate to obesity risk?
How does high conscientiousness relate to obesity risk?
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Which personality trait was associated with a higher likelihood of becoming non-obese in already obese individuals?
Which personality trait was associated with a higher likelihood of becoming non-obese in already obese individuals?
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What relationship was found regarding conscientiousness in an elderly Japanese sample?
What relationship was found regarding conscientiousness in an elderly Japanese sample?
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Which personality trait is most negatively related to academic achievement?
Which personality trait is most negatively related to academic achievement?
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What characteristic is associated with individuals who tend to succeed in distance education environments?
What characteristic is associated with individuals who tend to succeed in distance education environments?
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Which profession is likely to rank high on Openness to experience?
Which profession is likely to rank high on Openness to experience?
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Why is personality-occupation alignment important according to researchers?
Why is personality-occupation alignment important according to researchers?
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Which of the Big Five traits is likely to predict success in public speaking roles?
Which of the Big Five traits is likely to predict success in public speaking roles?
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What is a common characteristic of individuals who find repetition boring?
What is a common characteristic of individuals who find repetition boring?
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What can specific facets of the Big Five traits provide?
What can specific facets of the Big Five traits provide?
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Which trait is likely to lead to lower academic success due to anxiety?
Which trait is likely to lead to lower academic success due to anxiety?
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What is likely to differ in regard to job outcome measures?
What is likely to differ in regard to job outcome measures?
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What has been criticized regarding personality tests in predicting job performance?
What has been criticized regarding personality tests in predicting job performance?
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Which of the following traits are commonly associated with effective leadership?
Which of the following traits are commonly associated with effective leadership?
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How is occupational self-efficacy related to personality traits?
How is occupational self-efficacy related to personality traits?
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What has research linked professional burnout to?
What has research linked professional burnout to?
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Which combination of traits is negatively correlated with team proficiency?
Which combination of traits is negatively correlated with team proficiency?
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What is the relationship between conscientiousness of a supervisor and abusive supervision perception?
What is the relationship between conscientiousness of a supervisor and abusive supervision perception?
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What trait is linked to enduring positive work experiences?
What trait is linked to enduring positive work experiences?
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What criticism did Walter Mischel voice concerning personality tests?
What criticism did Walter Mischel voice concerning personality tests?
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Which trait is associated with proactivity at both individual and organizational levels?
Which trait is associated with proactivity at both individual and organizational levels?
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Study Notes
Big Five Personality Traits
- The Big Five personality traits (also known as the five-factor model) are a group of five characteristics used to study personality.
- They are:
- Openness to experience (imaginative/philosophical vs. uncreative/unintellectual)
- Conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs. haphazard/careless)
- Extraversion (bold/energetic vs. shy/bashful)
- Agreeableness (sympathetic/cooperative vs. cold/harsh)
- Neuroticism or low emotional stability (moody/nervous vs. relaxed/calm)
- The Big Five traits emerged empirically, not from a pre-existing theory.
- Factor analysis of English descriptive adjectives revealed these five factors.
- Subsequent studies have suggested revisions, including the addition of a sixth factor (Honesty-Humility) as represented by the HEXACO model. Additional dimensions are also under examination.
History
- William McDougall proposed a similar concept in 1932, identifying "intellect, character, temperament, disposition, and temper."
- Early researchers' efforts to understand personality and academic behavior led to the development of the model.
- Tupes and Christal, Goldberg, and Costa & McCrae are key figures in developing and refining the five-factor model, though they used somewhat different methods.
Finding the Five Factors
- Early attempts to identify personality factors, beginning with Sir Francis Galton in 1884, used lexical analysis.
- Gordon Allport and Henry Odbert's 1936 work identified 4504 traits from a dictionary and slang.
- Raymond Cattell refined this list to 160 traits.
- Later researchers independently converged on the five-factor model.
Hiatus and renewed interest
- A “hiatus” in personality research occurred in the 1970s.
- Walter Mischel questioned the stability of behavior and the predictive power of personality traits, suggesting that social context and situation are more influential in determining actions.
- In the 1970s, renewed interest emerged with Paul Costa and Robert McCrae’s NEO model, building on Eysenck's work. This model further refined some parts of the model
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Big Five personality traits, which include Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Understand how each trait influences personality and learn about their empirical origins. This quiz also touches on the HEXACO model and historical perspectives on personality.
