Big Data Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the basis for the identification and high-level description of the main data objects in a database?

  • Physical Model
  • External Schema
  • Internal Schema
  • Conceptual Schema (correct)
  • Which database model operates at the lowest level of abstraction?

  • Conceptual Schema
  • External Schema
  • Internal Schema
  • Physical Model (correct)
  • In database design, what requires the designer to match characteristics and constraints from the conceptual model to the selected implementation model?

  • External Schema
  • Physical Model
  • Conceptual Schema
  • Internal Schema (correct)
  • Which database schema depicts a specific representation using database constructs supported by the chosen database?

    <p>Internal Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the physical model makes it both software and hardware dependent?

    <p>Definition of physical storage devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main features of NoSQL databases?

    <p>High scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do NoSQL databases handle adding capacity during high demand?

    <p>By adding nodes to the distributed database transparently and without downtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are most NoSQL databases geared toward performance rather than transaction consistency?

    <p>Due to the challenge of enforcing data consistency in very large distributed databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do distributed databases do to ensure high availability and fault tolerance?

    <p>They automatically make copies of data elements at multiple nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three levels of data abstraction defined by ANSI/SPARC architecture?

    <p>External, conceptual, internal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the external model represent?

    <p>The end user's view of the data environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Velocity' refer to in the context of data?

    <p>Speed of data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a general characteristic of NoSQL databases?

    <p>High scalability and fault tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of NoSQL databases regarding distributed database architecture?

    <p>Employ multiple distributed database nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way are NoSQL databases geared towards when considering performance?

    <p>Performance over transaction consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data are NoSQL databases particularly suited for handling?

    <p>Sparse data with few attributes but many instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with NoSQL databases?

    <p>Relational model usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

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