Big Bang and Formation of Solar System

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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated time of the Big Bang Explosion?

13.6 billion years ago (correct)

1755

1796

4.5 billion years ago

Who modified the Nebular Theory in 1796?

Copernicus

Laplace (correct)

Galileo

Immanuel Kant

What is the primary composition of the Sun?

Nitrogen and Helium

Hydrogen and Helium (correct)

Carbon and Oxygen

Oxygen and Nitrogen

What type of celestial body is characterized by self-glowing?

Star Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun?

Asteroids Signup and view all the answers

Where is the headquarters of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics located?

Bangalore Signup and view all the answers

What is the brightest star in the Orion constellation?

Rigel Signup and view all the answers

What is the closest star to Earth, excluding the Sun?

Proxima Centauri Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for celestial distances?

Light Year/Parsec Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the Sun?

Hydrogen (73%), Helium (25%) and other metals Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature at the surface of the Sun?

5800 K Signup and view all the answers

What is the time it takes for light from the Sun to reach Earth?

8 minutes 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest planet in our solar system?

Jupiter Signup and view all the answers

What is the hottest planet in our solar system?

Venus Signup and view all the answers

How many natural satellites does Mars have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of stars?

Constellation Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest moon among all the planets in our solar system?

Ganymede Signup and view all the answers

Which planet has a bright and concentric ring system made of tiny rocks, gas, dust, and ice?

Saturn Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the planet Uranus due to the presence of a certain gas?

Green Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is known for its tilted axis and is often referred to as the 'Rolling/Lopsided Planet'?

Uranus Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the atmosphere of Neptune?

Hydrogen, Helium Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the planet Neptune in 1846?

Johann Galle and Urbain Le Verrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of Pluto according to the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2006?

It is a dwarf planet Signup and view all the answers

What is the region outside the orbit of Neptune that contains a number of asteroids, rocks, and comets?

Kuiper Belt Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Big Bang and Solar System Formation

The Big Bang Explosion occurred 13.6 billion years ago, marking the beginning of the universe.
The Nebular Theory (1755) by Immanuel Kant and later modified by Laplace (1796) explains the formation of our solar system from a giant cloud of dust and gas called a nebula.
The nebula underwent nuclear fusion, resulting in the formation of the Sun, mostly composed of hydrogen and helium.

Celestial Bodies

There are two types of celestial bodies: luminous (self-glowing) and non-luminous (not self-glowing, but can reflect light from other sources).
Examples of luminous bodies include stars, while non-luminous bodies include the Moon.
Other types of celestial bodies include asteroids, meteoroids/meteors, comets, and stars.

Stars

Stars are luminous bodies that vary in color depending on their temperature.
A group of stars is called a constellation, with the largest constellation being Hydra.
The brightest star in the Orion constellation is Rigel, while the brightest star in the night sky is Sirius (Dog Star).
The closest star to Earth is the Sun, with a distance of 150 million km (1.5 x 10^8 km).

Solar System

The Sun is the only star in our solar system and is the powerhouse of the solar system.
It is composed of 73% hydrogen, 25% helium, and other metals.
The Sun carries 99% of the mass of our solar system and takes 8 minutes and 30 seconds for light to reach Earth.

Moon

The Moon is Earth's natural satellite and is non-luminous.
It takes 1.26 seconds for the Moon's light to reach Earth, and it is 384,000 km away from Earth.
The Moon has a gravity similar to Earth's and rotates/revolves in 27.3 days, with only one side visible from Earth.

Planets

There are two types of planets: terrestrial (interior) and Jovian (exterior) planets.
The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter.
Terrestrial planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, while Jovian planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Terrestrial Planets

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, with a diameter of 4900 km and no satellite.
Venus is the hottest planet, with a thick atmosphere that traps gases easily.
Earth is the only planet that supports life and has a satellite called the Moon.
Mars is known as the "Red Planet" due to its rich iron oxide content.

Jovian Planets

Jupiter is the largest planet, with a short rotation period of 10 hours and a massive atmosphere filled with hydrogen, helium, and other gases.
Saturn is the second-largest planet, with bright and concentric rings made of tiny rocks, gas, dust, and ice.
Uranus is an "Ice Giant" with a tilted axis, making it a "Rolling/Lopsided Planet".
Neptune is the farthest planet, also an "Ice Giant" with a bluish color due to methane.

Dwarf Planet

Pluto is no longer considered a planet, but a dwarf planet, and is a member of the Kuiper Belt.
The Kuiper Belt is a spherical boundary outside the orbit of Neptune, containing asteroids, rocks, and comets.

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Description

Explore the origins of the universe with the Big Bang Theory and the formation of our solar system, including the Nebular Theory and its modifications.