Bien-Être: Physical and Mental Balance

Bien-être (Well-being)

• The concept of well-being forms the basis of the course.
• It constitutes a dynamic balance that safeguards both physical and mental health.
• Lifestyle choices and a lack of education can disrupt your health and well-being.
• For the body, homeostasis maintains the balance at the level of bodily systems.
• Topics to explore include well-being and homeostasis and the physical, personal, and societal effects if the balance is destroyed.

Bien-être Physique (Physical Well-being)

• The body's needs must be met before balancing other needs.
• It is difficult to deal with emotional, social, intellectual, or spiritual issues when hungry, cold, or tired.
• Physical balance includes eating well, exercising, and sleeping well.
• Ways to find physical balance, such as recognizing addictions to alcohol, food, drugs, tobacco, are important.
• Medical check-ups each year, developing an exercise program, learning current principles of nutrition, drinking water, and sleeping enough are important.

Bien-être Émotionnel (Emotional Well-being)

• Emotional needs involve relationships.
• Emotional balance concerns relationships with family and friends.
• It includes how human emotions like anger, guilt, love, fear, and happiness are handled.
• It is important to find balance and maintain a healthy attitude, avoiding negative emotions accumulation.
• Achieve emotional balance by taking stock of relationships with others and consider how you interact.

La Spiritualité (Spirituality)

• Spirituality is an essential need of human nature.
• Feelings, thoughts, choices, and questions are based in spirituality.
• Some believe spirituality includes efforts to discover life's forces and find justification for ethical and moral standards.
• Recent studies found a notable connection between religion/spirituality's influence and happiness of older adults.
• You can achieve spiritual balance by taking time for quiet reflection, keeping a journal, meditating/praying, and having an open minded attitude.

La Stimulation Intellectuelle (Intellectual Stimulation)

• Continuously challenging our minds and continuing to learn is vital.
• Intellectual growth and stimulation are needed for balanced lives.
• Learning is crucial for adapting to life's changes.
• Intellectual stimulation can be achieved through workshops, formal/informal courses, reading, and seeking out challenging discussions.

L'équilibre Social (Social Balance)

• Social balance involves taking time to give to others.
• contributing to the community and environment is important.
• Interdependence with others, nature, and family is an facet of a balanced life.
• Suggestions for social balance include volunteering, charity, and acts of kindness.

L'homéostasie (Homeostasis)

• The body works to maintain a stable internal physiological environment.
• Body temperature is an ongoing example.
• Normal body temperature is around 37 degrees Celsius
• Blood pressure is around 120/80 mm Hg.
• Blood pH is around 7.4.
• Blood glucose concentration is about 100mg/ml.
• Standards vary, but the range of variation is small to maintain bodily function.
• Excessive variation of these norms can lead to death.

Operating Correctly

• Homeostasis mechanisms must allow the body to: Regulate respiratory gases.
• Maintain water balance.
• Regulate energy and nutrient supply.
• Maintain a constant body temperature.
• Protect against such things as injuries.
• Homeostasis relies on interaction of body systems to maintain conditions for optimal function.
• Homeostatic reactions counteract changes, bringing the body back to a set point, which often constitutes dynamic equilibrium.
• Dynamic equilibrium is a state that remains stable within limited fluctuations.
• Homeostatic reactions start when the body senses external environmental changes.

Mécanisme de rétroaction négative (Negative Feedback Mechanisms)

• Negative feedback systems are crucial for maintaining balance.
• A thermostat in a house exemplifies the process.
• The thermostat maintains a set temperature.
• A sensor detects any drop below this temperature.
• This triggers the heating system until the normal temperature is restored.
• The feedback mechanism has three primary components: Recipient, Centre of Regulation, & Effector.
• The recipient detects a variation in the reference value.
• It sends a message to the regulation center.
• The regulation center sends a message to the effector.
• The effector fixes the problem.

Systèmes Homéostatiques (Homeostatic Systems)

• Three essential homeostatic aspects of the human body rely on negative feedback.
• Thermoregulation (maintaining body temperature).
• Osmoregulation (water balance).
• Waste management.
• Thermoregulation is maintaining a constant body temperature (37°C).
• Humans can maintain a constant body temperature despite external temperature changes.
• A part of the human brain regulates body temperature.
• The hypothalamus releases hormones that target effectors like sweat glands.

Osmorégulation (Osmoregulation)

• Osmoregulation is the ability to maintain a constant water balance.
• The human body should consume a certain amount of water daily to maintain water balance.
• Thirst caused is caused by a decrease in fluid intake as low as 1% of body mass.
• Pain and loss of consciousness occur as a result of a decrease of water, which often leads to death.
• The hypothalamus regulates water balance; it detects changes in blood liquid concentrations.
• The hypothalamus triggers the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to increase water absorption when concentration decreases.

Gestion des Déchets (Waste management)

• The ability to dispose of harmful waste is essential for maintaining homeostasis
• For Instance ammonia produced from protein decomposition
• Ammonia is extremely toxic to the body.
• The liver is the most important organ involved in removing ammonia.
• The Kidneys, lungs, skin, & stomach are also involved in removing waste from the body.

Les Cellules et L'homéostasie (Cells and Homeostasis)

• Vital processes necessary for living beings include: Obtaining nourishment.
• Energy.
• Waste removal.
• Growth and maintenance.
• Substance transport.

La structure cellulaire (Cell structure)

• The cell membrane structure described as a fluid structure consisting of a double phospholipid layer.
• there are globular proteins injected inside and at the surface.
• A phospholipid is composed of two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head.
• Hydrophobic tails cluster together to steer clear of water.
• There are different types of transport.
• Some transport proteins facilitate entry/exit of molecules
• Other transport proteins acts as receptors
• Certain transport proteins influence cellular activity

Fonction de la membrane cellulaire (Function of the cell membrane)

• Cells chooses and selects traversing substances.
• Cells that permits entry of certain substances while preventing others.
• Cell membrane serves as border between the contents of the cell and the cytoplasm.
• Smaller molecules are able to enter easily than large ones

Transport à travers la membrane (Transport across the membrane)

• Passive transport-Movement of substances across membranes that does not require energy.
• Diffusion- Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
• Used primarily for smaller molecules
• Facilitated diffusion is supported by associated transport proteins in the membrane.
• Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
• If the salutes are to big to be absorbed by the plasma membrane, the water may displace for equal consentration of the membrane.
• A cell either loses or gains water when through osmosis when it is not the same concentration in water.

Transport actif (Active Transport)

• The substance travels across the membrane against the concentration gradient.
• This mechanism enables the cell to concentrate a solute.
• Requires energy.
• Nutritious elements are rare in the cell.
• Root cells retain metal ions through transport activity.
• A protein attaches to an ATP protein to modify its shape.
• The protein transports the molecule to either surface of the cell.

Le transport des grosses cellules (Transport of large cells)

• Endocytosis transports a material to the cell.
• It is enveloped through portion of the membrane to the cytoplasm (virus/cells).
• The portion detaches and displaces towards the interior (vacuole formation).
• The vacuoles drains into the cytoplasm to release contents.
• The vacuole is united to lysosomes that contain enzymes.
• These enzymes digest larger particles into smaller fragments.
• 2 types of endocytosis:
• Ingestion of gros particles solids and engulfing through globules
• Ingestion of fluids with particles/volume through cells
• Exocytosis is the cell mechanism that expels waste.

Les Glucides (Glucides)

• The food source of energy.
• Consists of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
• The general formula is CnH2n On
• Primary source is glucose C6H12O6
• Form a resource of energy for long and sort term

Les monosaccharides ou glucides simples (Monosaccharides)

• Mono=unit, saccharide=sugar
• Between 3-7 carbon atoms and between 6-14 hydrogen atoms.
• Atoms meets pentagonally or hexagonally
• The monosaccharides form macromolecule of gucides

Disaccharides (Disaccharides)

• Glucoid formed of monosaccharide units. For example
• Sacroose: glucose that are fruits
• Lactose: glucose that are milk
• Maltose: Glucose that are fruits and vegetables

Les polysaccharides (Polysaccharides)

• Final product of structured energy for plants and amimals.
• This includes the chains of branch monosaccharides
• To reserve monosacharrides, the cells breaks down

Les Protéines (Proteins)

• the most diverse and complex bodies created made up of atoms from the living.
• Each atom composes of 10-20 sorts of organisms through several acids of organisms.
• Through almost a fifth of the protein form almost all structural features and bodies that help the process.
• They link protein chains to from repliated acid
• Formula-NH2 C H R COOH n Where R characterizes the atom

Les Lipides (Lipids)

• are commonly called oils
• Most carbon chains are followed by an acudifere group COOH: used to manage long-term.
• This is usually in the form that saves energy and the membrane for cell usage: known as the three types of oil
• the three types of lipid are. Triglycerides or triacylglycerol, phoslipids and Stearoids

Les Acides Nucléiques (Nucleic Acids)

• acid atoms are the building blocks from atomic chains known as
• It can not be found in strands-elements (NADH-nicotinamide)
• most cell proteins and the elements for chemical-atp

Explore the concept of well-being as a dynamic balance crucial for physical and mental health. Learn about homeostasis and lifestyle choices. Discover the effects of disrupting balance and strategies for maintaining physical well-being through nutrition, exercise, and recognizing addictions.