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Questions and Answers
What happens to H+ ions in red blood cells (RBCs) during the process of CO2 transport?
What happens to H+ ions in red blood cells (RBCs) during the process of CO2 transport?
- They bind with haemoglobin (correct)
- They convert into carbonic acid
- They leave the RBCs freely
- They combine with bicarbonate
Which enzyme catalyses the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid?
Which enzyme catalyses the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid?
- Bicarbonate
- Chloride
- Carbonic anhydrase (correct)
- Haemoglobin
What is the role of chloride in the chloride shift?
What is the role of chloride in the chloride shift?
- To exchange with bicarbonate in RBCs
- To catalyze the conversion of CO2
- To maintain electroneutrality in RBCs (correct)
- To convert CO2 into carbonic acid
What is the main form in which CO2 is transported in the body?
What is the main form in which CO2 is transported in the body?
What happens to carbonic acid at the lungs during the process of CO2 transport?
What happens to carbonic acid at the lungs during the process of CO2 transport?
What allows HCO3− to leave the red blood cells (RBCs) in exchange for chloride ions?
What allows HCO3− to leave the red blood cells (RBCs) in exchange for chloride ions?
Which ion is bound by haemoglobin during the process of CO2 transport?
Which ion is bound by haemoglobin during the process of CO2 transport?
What is the product of the hydrolysis of carbonic acid in red blood cells (RBCs)?
What is the product of the hydrolysis of carbonic acid in red blood cells (RBCs)?
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of CO2 transport?
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of CO2 transport?
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via chloride.
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via chloride.
True or false: CO2 diffuses out of tissues and into red blood cells (RBCs) down its concentration gradient.
True or false: CO2 diffuses out of tissues and into red blood cells (RBCs) down its concentration gradient.
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The H+ ion is bound by carbonic anhydrase during the process of CO2 transport.
True or false: The H+ ion is bound by carbonic anhydrase during the process of CO2 transport.
True or false: At the lungs, H+ dissociates from haemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid.
True or false: At the lungs, H+ dissociates from haemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid.
True or false: The exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) is known as the chloride shift.
True or false: The exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) is known as the chloride shift.
True or false: A carrier protein is utilized to allow HCO3− to leave the RBC in exchange for chloride ions.
True or false: A carrier protein is utilized to allow HCO3− to leave the RBC in exchange for chloride ions.
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The chloride shift allows the RBC to maintain its electroneutrality.
True or false: The chloride shift allows the RBC to maintain its electroneutrality.
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbonic acid into CO2 and water.
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbonic acid into CO2 and water.
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of white blood cells (WBCs).
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of white blood cells (WBCs).
True or false: CO2 diffuses freely into red blood cells (RBCs) but HCO3– ions cannot easily cross the cell membrane.
True or false: CO2 diffuses freely into red blood cells (RBCs) but HCO3– ions cannot easily cross the cell membrane.
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via chloride.
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via chloride.
True or false: The role of chloride in the chloride shift is to maintain electroneutrality in red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The role of chloride in the chloride shift is to maintain electroneutrality in red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolyzed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in white blood cells (WBCs).
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolyzed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in white blood cells (WBCs).
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The main form in which CO2 is transported in the body is bicarbonate.
True or false: The main form in which CO2 is transported in the body is bicarbonate.
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate.
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate.
True or false: Carbonic acid is then hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate).
True or false: Carbonic acid is then hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate).
True or false: The reverse reaction at the lungs is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
True or false: The reverse reaction at the lungs is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The chloride shift allows the RBC to maintain its electroneutrality.
True or false: The chloride shift allows the RBC to maintain its electroneutrality.
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid.
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid.
True or false: The main form in which CO2 is transported in the body is chloride.
True or false: The main form in which CO2 is transported in the body is chloride.
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate.
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate.
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid.
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid.
True or false: CO2 diffuses freely into red blood cells (RBCs) but HCO3– ions cannot easily cross the cell membrane.
True or false: CO2 diffuses freely into red blood cells (RBCs) but HCO3– ions cannot easily cross the cell membrane.
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True or false: The H+ ion is bound by haemoglobin during the process of CO2 transport.
True or false: The H+ ion is bound by haemoglobin during the process of CO2 transport.
True or false: The reverse reaction at the lungs is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
True or false: The reverse reaction at the lungs is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
True or false: The role of chloride in the chloride shift is to maintain electroneutrality in red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: The role of chloride in the chloride shift is to maintain electroneutrality in red blood cells (RBCs).
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolyzed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in white blood cells (WBCs).
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolyzed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in white blood cells (WBCs).
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of CO2 transport?
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of CO2 transport?
What allows HCO3− to leave the red blood cells (RBCs) in exchange for chloride ions?
What allows HCO3− to leave the red blood cells (RBCs) in exchange for chloride ions?
What happens to H+ ions in red blood cells (RBCs) during the process of CO2 transport?
What happens to H+ ions in red blood cells (RBCs) during the process of CO2 transport?
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Study Notes
CO2 Transportation
- The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate
- CO2 diffuses down its concentration gradient out of tissues and into red blood cells (RBCs)
Conversion of CO2 into Bicarbonate
- Inside the RBC, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyses the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Carbonic acid is then hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate)
Role of Haemoglobin
- The H+ ion is bound by haemoglobin, which buffers the process
Reverse Process at the Lungs
- At the lungs, H+ dissociates from haemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid
- Carbonic acid is then converted back to CO2 and water, catalysed by carbonic anhydrase
Chloride Shift
- Chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs)
- CO2 diffuses freely into RBCs, but as HCO3– ions are charged, they cannot easily cross the cell membrane to leave the RBC
- A carrier protein is utilised to allow HCO3− to leave the RBC in exchange for chloride ions, maintaining electroneutrality
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