48 Questions
What happens to H+ ions in red blood cells (RBCs) during the process of CO2 transport?
They bind with haemoglobin
Which enzyme catalyses the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid?
Carbonic anhydrase
What is the role of chloride in the chloride shift?
To maintain electroneutrality in RBCs
What is the main form in which CO2 is transported in the body?
Bicarbonate
What happens to carbonic acid at the lungs during the process of CO2 transport?
It converts back into CO2 and water
What allows HCO3− to leave the red blood cells (RBCs) in exchange for chloride ions?
Carrier protein
Which ion is bound by haemoglobin during the process of CO2 transport?
H+
What is the product of the hydrolysis of carbonic acid in red blood cells (RBCs)?
HCO3− ions
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of CO2 transport?
To convert CO2 into carbonic acid
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via chloride.
False
True or false: CO2 diffuses out of tissues and into red blood cells (RBCs) down its concentration gradient.
True
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in red blood cells (RBCs).
True
True or false: The H+ ion is bound by carbonic anhydrase during the process of CO2 transport.
False
True or false: At the lungs, H+ dissociates from haemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid.
True
True or false: The exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) is known as the chloride shift.
True
True or false: A carrier protein is utilized to allow HCO3− to leave the RBC in exchange for chloride ions.
True
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
False
True or false: The chloride shift allows the RBC to maintain its electroneutrality.
True
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbonic acid into CO2 and water.
False
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of white blood cells (WBCs).
False
True or false: CO2 diffuses freely into red blood cells (RBCs) but HCO3– ions cannot easily cross the cell membrane.
True
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via chloride.
False
True or false: The role of chloride in the chloride shift is to maintain electroneutrality in red blood cells (RBCs).
True
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolyzed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in white blood cells (WBCs).
False
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
False
True or false: The main form in which CO2 is transported in the body is bicarbonate.
True
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate.
True
True or false: Carbonic acid is then hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate).
True
True or false: The reverse reaction at the lungs is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
True
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True
True or false: The chloride shift allows the RBC to maintain its electroneutrality.
True
True or false: HCO3− ions can easily cross the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
False
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid.
False
True or false: The main form in which CO2 is transported in the body is chloride.
False
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
False
True or false: The chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
True
True or false: The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate.
True
True or false: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid.
True
True or false: CO2 diffuses freely into red blood cells (RBCs) but HCO3– ions cannot easily cross the cell membrane.
True
True or false: H+ ions dissociate from hemoglobin and combine with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid at the lungs.
True
True or false: The H+ ion is bound by haemoglobin during the process of CO2 transport.
True
True or false: The reverse reaction at the lungs is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
True
True or false: The role of chloride in the chloride shift is to maintain electroneutrality in red blood cells (RBCs).
True
True or false: Carbonic acid is hydrolyzed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate) in white blood cells (WBCs).
False
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of CO2 transport?
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid.
What allows HCO3− to leave the red blood cells (RBCs) in exchange for chloride ions?
A carrier protein allows HCO3− to leave the RBC in exchange for chloride ions.
What happens to H+ ions in red blood cells (RBCs) during the process of CO2 transport?
The H+ ion is bound by haemoglobin during the process of CO2 transport.
Study Notes
CO2 Transportation
- The majority of CO2 is transported via bicarbonate
- CO2 diffuses down its concentration gradient out of tissues and into red blood cells (RBCs)
Conversion of CO2 into Bicarbonate
- Inside the RBC, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyses the conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Carbonic acid is then hydrolysed into H+ ions and HCO3– (bicarbonate)
Role of Haemoglobin
- The H+ ion is bound by haemoglobin, which buffers the process
Reverse Process at the Lungs
- At the lungs, H+ dissociates from haemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid
- Carbonic acid is then converted back to CO2 and water, catalysed by carbonic anhydrase
Chloride Shift
- Chloride shift refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs)
- CO2 diffuses freely into RBCs, but as HCO3– ions are charged, they cannot easily cross the cell membrane to leave the RBC
- A carrier protein is utilised to allow HCO3− to leave the RBC in exchange for chloride ions, maintaining electroneutrality
Test your knowledge on the role of bicarbonate in CO2 transport and the enzymatic conversion of CO2 into carbonic acid. Explore how bicarbonate is hydrolyzed and the role of haemoglobin in buffering the process.
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