Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who was Amos?
Who was Amos?
Amos was a farmer until he became a prophet who denounced social injustices in Israel.
Who was Philemon?
Who was Philemon?
Philemon was a Christian slave owner who received Paul's letter.
Who was Onesimus?
Who was Onesimus?
Philemon's slave who was encouraged to seek forgiveness.
Who was Bathsheba?
Who was Bathsheba?
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Who was Adonijah?
Who was Adonijah?
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Who was Sheshbazzar?
Who was Sheshbazzar?
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Who was Zerubbabel?
Who was Zerubbabel?
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Who was Nehemiah?
Who was Nehemiah?
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Who were the "People of the Land"?
Who were the "People of the Land"?
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Who were the "Golahs"?
Who were the "Golahs"?
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Who were the Pharisees?
Who were the Pharisees?
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Who were the Sadducees?
Who were the Sadducees?
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Who were the Essenes?
Who were the Essenes?
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Who were the Gnostics?
Who were the Gnostics?
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Who was Tertullian?
Who was Tertullian?
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What was Hebron?
What was Hebron?
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What was Jebus/Jerusalem?
What was Jebus/Jerusalem?
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What was Thessalonica?
What was Thessalonica?
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What was Nicea?
What was Nicea?
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What happened during 540 BCE?
What happened during 540 BCE?
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What is the concept of a New Age?
What is the concept of a New Age?
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What is the concept of a suffering servant?
What is the concept of a suffering servant?
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Which beatitude portrays forgiveness not judgement?
Which beatitude portrays forgiveness not judgement?
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What was Philemon's story about?
What was Philemon's story about?
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What is a theocracy?
What is a theocracy?
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What is the basic prophet function?
What is the basic prophet function?
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What does the term "Son of God" refer to?
What does the term "Son of God" refer to?
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What does Messiah mean?
What does Messiah mean?
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What is royal ideology?
What is royal ideology?
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What is royal code?
What is royal code?
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What were the roles/functions of Samuel?
What were the roles/functions of Samuel?
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What is the perspective of the prophet Samuel on monarchy?
What is the perspective of the prophet Samuel on monarchy?
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What action does Samuel take despite his warnings against monarchy?
What action does Samuel take despite his warnings against monarchy?
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What are the subtle elements present in the narrative regarding monarchy?
What are the subtle elements present in the narrative regarding monarchy?
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What is repatriation?
What is repatriation?
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What is Israels idenitity defined by?
What is Israels idenitity defined by?
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What was Nehemiahs reform?
What was Nehemiahs reform?
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What was Ezra's reform?
What was Ezra's reform?
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Who were the Hellenists?
Who were the Hellenists?
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What is a God-fearer?
What is a God-fearer?
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What is a proselyte?
What is a proselyte?
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What was the Jerusalem Conference and what issues were settled?
What was the Jerusalem Conference and what issues were settled?
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What issues were solved by the Jerusalem Conference?
What issues were solved by the Jerusalem Conference?
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What was the Jesus movement from separatism to accommodation?
What was the Jesus movement from separatism to accommodation?
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Study Notes
Amos
- Amos was a farmer who became a prophet
- He denounced social injustices in Israel
Isaiah
- Isaiah was a prophet
- He emphasized judgment, salvation, and the Messiah
Philemon
- Philemon was a Christian slave owner
- Paul's letter was sent to him
Onesimus
- Onesimus was a slave
- He was encouraged to seek forgiveness
Samuel
- Samuel was a prophet, priest, and the last judge of Israel
- He anointed Saul and David
Saul
- The first divinely anointed king of Israel
- Rejected for disobedience
David
- The second king who united Israel
- Known for moral failures
- Had an affair with Bathsheba
- Uriah was murdered to cover up the adultery
Bathsheba
- David's mistress
- Mother of Solomon
- Wife of Uriah
Uriah
- He was murdered to cover up David's adultery
Amnon
- David's son who raped his half-sister Tamar
Tamar
- David's daughter
- Raped by Amnon
Absalom
- David's son
- Killed his half-brother Amnon for raping Tamar
- Died in battle
Abishag
- Woman who served the old king to help him perform sexually
Adonijah
- David's son who tried to become king
Solomon
- David's son
- Became king
- Considered the wisest king
- Built the first temple
- Worshipped idols
Cyrus
- The Persian king who permitted the Jews to return to Jerusalem
Sheshbazzar
- Governor who led the Jews back to Jerusalem and helped build the second temple
Zerubbabel
- Governor who led the rebuilding of the second temple
Ezra
- High priest, scribe, and governor for Persians in Jerusalem
- Focused on religious reform after exile
- Adhered strictly to laws
Nehemiah
- Jewish exile
- Cupbearer to the king
- Rebuilt Jerusalem's walls post-exile
People of the Land
- Native inhabitants of Judah during return from exile
Golahs
- Jewish exiles returning to Judah
Naomi
- Ruth's mother-in-law
- Supported Ruth after losses
Ruth
- Moabite widow
- Great-grandmother of King David
Boaz
- Kinsman-redeemer who married Ruth
Pharisees
- Jewish sect that believed in strict separation from the Gentiles
Sadducees
- Jewish sect that denied resurrection and angels
Essenes
- Jewish sect who lived lives of ritual purity and separation
Peter
- Apostle who became the bishop of Rome (pope)
Cornelius
- Gentile converted by Peter
James
- Brother of Jesus
- Leader of the early church in Jerusalem
Ebionites
- Early Christians who believed that Christians can only be Jewish
Gnostics
- Sect of early Christianity
- Believed in salvation of the soul from the material world
Docetics
- Christian sect that believed Jesus was divine and did not have a real human body
Marcion
- Made himself a Christian leader but tried to purge Christianity of everything Jewish
Tertullian
- Said Greek Philosophy isn't needed because it will pollute the Christians' minds
Hebron
- City where Abraham settled and David was anointed
Jebus/Jerusalem
- Canaanite city captured by David
- Israel's capital
Yehud
- Persian province encompassing Judah post-exile
Thessalonica
- A commercial city with ~100,000 people
- Where Paul established a church
Nicea
- Ancient city in Bithynia
- Council addressing Christ's nature and Nicene Creed
540 BCE
- Cyrus' decree allowing Jewish return from Babylon
520 BCE
- Approximate date of the rebuilding of the second temple
325 CE
- First council of Nicaea, addressing Christ's nature and Nicene Creed
New Age
- Prophetic vision of future peace and restoration
Suffering Servant
- Someone who suffers for the sins of others
Blessed are the peacemakers
- Beatitude that portrays forgiveness over judgement
Poor in spirit
- Beatitude that expresses humility and not pride
Mourn
- Beatitude that expresses broken hearts
Blessed are the meek (or those with humility)
- Beatitude that expresses brokenhearted, not hardhearted
Theocracy
- Government controlled by religious leaders
Son of God
- Term for relationships with God: kings, angels, and Jesus
Messiah
- The anointed one
Royal Ideology
- Public's view of the king's responsibilities
Royal Code
- Group of stipulations in Deuteronomy expected by kings
Prophet Samuel
- Prophet, priest, and judge
- Warned against monarchy
Samuel's Action on Monarchy
- Despite warnings, he anoints Saul as king per God's command
Monarchy
- Subtle elements supporting monarchy show in the narrative as kingship is seen even more positively
Repatriation
- Return of Jews from Babylonia exile to Judah
Israel's Identity
- Defined by covenant and Torah observance
Ezra's Reform
- Ban on sabbath and commerce intermarriages to prevent foreign influence
Hellenists
- Greek-speaking Jewish Christians
God-fearers
- Gentiles who accept Judaism's moral demands and participate in rituals but don't fully convert
Proselytes
- Gentiles who followed the Jewish God and culture
Jerusalem Conference
- Christian leaders resolved disputes over Gentile Christians
Jesus Movement
- Initially separatist, Paul argued baptism could replace circumcision, and include non-Jews
Hebrew/Israelite View of Human Composition
- Duality of body and soul
Netherworld
- World of the dead
Mot
- Hebrew name for the place of the dead
Sheol
- Canaanite realm of the dead
Hades
- Grecian realm of the dead
Afterlife
- Evolution of beliefs about resurrection and afterlife
Jewish Idea of Resurrection
- Dead will be resurrected during the Messianic age
Greco-Roman View of Afterlife
- Shadowy realm called the Underworld
Tartarus
- Deep abyss used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the gods in Greek mythology
Elysian Fields
- Place in the underworld of blessedness in Greek mythology
Paradise
- Eternal life with God
Eschatology
- Study of the end times
Parousia
- Second Coming of Christ judging the living and the dead
Apostasy
- Denial of God and repudiation of faith
Man of Lawlessness
- Figure associated with end times, often interpreted as the anti-Christ
Restraining One
- Figure or force that holds back revelation
Monotheism
- Belief in one God
Polytheism
- Belief in many gods
Henotheism
- Belief in a single High God with other subordinate gods
Adoptionism
- Jesus was a mere man God adopted and inspired
Ditheism
- Belief in two gods
Gnosis
- Secret knowledge
Trinitas
- Doctrine of one God in three persons: Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit
Gentile View of God
- Viewed God as a ditheist (two gods)
Gentile View of Jesus
- Viewed Jesus as fully divine and not human in body
Gnostic Christian view of God
- Viewed God as polytheistic
Prophets
- Isaiah, Amos, Hosea, Micah
- Focus on concepts like justice, suffering servant
Royal Ideology and Conduct
- King's expected roles (justice, peace, harmony, prosperity)
- Royal code's stipulations (no foreigners, standing army, harems, wealth accumulation, Torah study).
Stages of Immigration to Yehud
- First wave (538 BCE, Sheshbazzar)
- Second wave (520 BCE, Zerubbabel)
- Third wave (440s BCE, Nehemiah)
- Fourth wave (440s BCE, Ezra)
Cultural Interaction
- Syncretism, intermarriage, adoption of Greek culture
- Cautionary words to Gentiles(don't adopt Jewish law unnecessarily, be cautious false teachings, avoid causing division)
- Functions of doctrines (clarify, defend faith, guide ethical living, unite community)
- Concerns of the Thessalonian Church (persecution, return of Christ, holiness, encouragement)
Events Before the Parousia
- Rise of false teachers, Apostasy, Coming of Christ in glory
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Description
Explore the complex stories of key biblical figures ranging from prophets like Samuel and Isaiah to the tragic tales of David's family involving betrayal and moral failings. This quiz will test your knowledge on their lives, relationships, and significant events that shaped their narratives in the scriptures.