Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the function of a changeover delay (COD) in a concurrent schedule?
Which of the following best describes the function of a changeover delay (COD) in a concurrent schedule?
- It encourages impulsive behavior.
- It increases the overall rate of reinforcement.
- It ensures equal distribution of responses between options.
- It prevents rapid switching between response options. (correct)
In delay discounting, what does the hyperbolic discounting equation primarily aim to model?
In delay discounting, what does the hyperbolic discounting equation primarily aim to model?
- The constant rate of reinforcement despite delays.
- The exponential increase in reward value over time.
- The subjective devaluation of rewards as delay increases. (correct)
- The linear decrease in reward value over time.
How does melioration differ from maximization in the context of choice behavior?
How does melioration differ from maximization in the context of choice behavior?
- Melioration and maximization are synonymous, both describing optimal decision-making.
- Melioration involves shifting behavior toward alternatives producing more immediate reinforcement, potentially at the expense of long-term optimality, whereas maximization seeks the alternative with the highest overall reinforcement rate. (correct)
- Melioration always leads to the optimal long-term outcome, while maximization focuses on immediate gains.
- Maximization involves shifting behavior towards alternatives producing more immediate reinforcement, potentially at the expense of long-term optimality, whereas melioration seeks the alternative with the highest overall reinforcement rate.
What is the key characteristic of 'impulsive' behavior as it relates to delay discounting?
What is the key characteristic of 'impulsive' behavior as it relates to delay discounting?
In the context of the matching law, what does 'overmatching' indicate?
In the context of the matching law, what does 'overmatching' indicate?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a commitment response?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a commitment response?
How does the quantitative law of effect describe the relationship between reinforcement rate and behavior?
How does the quantitative law of effect describe the relationship between reinforcement rate and behavior?
What does a demand curve in behavioral economics illustrate?
What does a demand curve in behavioral economics illustrate?
In the context of choice behavior, what does 'preference for choice' refer to?
In the context of choice behavior, what does 'preference for choice' refer to?
Which situation is most likely to result in undermatching?
Which situation is most likely to result in undermatching?
What does the concept of substitutability imply in reinforcement?
What does the concept of substitutability imply in reinforcement?
Why is it important to control for extraneous sources of reinforcement in a behavioral experiment?
Why is it important to control for extraneous sources of reinforcement in a behavioral experiment?
What is the primary purpose of using a two-key procedure in the study of choice behavior?
What is the primary purpose of using a two-key procedure in the study of choice behavior?
What best describes a preference reversal?
What best describes a preference reversal?
What is the main focus of the log-linear matching equation?
What is the main focus of the log-linear matching equation?
How does the power law for matching modify the traditional matching law?
How does the power law for matching modify the traditional matching law?
What does the term 'reinforcer pathology' refer to?
What does the term 'reinforcer pathology' refer to?
How do relative rates of reinforcement influence choice in a concurrent schedule?
How do relative rates of reinforcement influence choice in a concurrent schedule?
What is the primary difference between 'self-control' and 'impulsive' behavior in the context of delay discounting?
What is the primary difference between 'self-control' and 'impulsive' behavior in the context of delay discounting?
In the generalized matching relation, what is being matched?
In the generalized matching relation, what is being matched?
Flashcards
Bias
Bias
A deviation from rational decision-making due to mental shortcuts.
Changeover Delay (COD)
Changeover Delay (COD)
Time delay when switching between response options in a concurrent schedule.
Choice
Choice
The act of selecting between multiple options each linked to different reinforcement rates.
Commitment Response
Commitment Response
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Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
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Delay Discounting
Delay Discounting
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Demand Curve
Demand Curve
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Extraneous Sources of Reinforcement
Extraneous Sources of Reinforcement
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Matching
Matching
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Maximization
Maximization
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Melioration
Melioration
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Overmatching
Overmatching
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Preference
Preference
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Preference Reversal
Preference Reversal
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Reinforcer Pathology
Reinforcer Pathology
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"Self-Control" Behavior
"Self-Control" Behavior
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Substitutability
Substitutability
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Undermatching
Undermatching
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Study Notes
- Bias: A departure from rational decision-making caused by heuristics or mental shortcuts, leading to predictable mistakes.
- Changeover Delay (COD): The time it takes to switch between response options in a concurrent schedule, reflecting the time to transition between choices.
- Changeover Response: The action required to switch from one choice to another, typically in a concurrent schedule of reinforcement.
- Choice: The process of selecting between two or more options, each offering different levels of reinforcement.
- Commitment Response: An action taken early to influence future choices, creating dedication to a specific course.
- Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement: Two or more reinforcement schedules available at the same time, allowing a subject to choose between them.
- Delay Discounting: The decrease in the perceived value of rewards as the delay to receiving them increases, favoring immediate gratification.
- Demand Curve: A graph showing the relationship between the "price" (or cost) of a reinforcer and the quantity demanded, illustrating how behavior changes with reinforcement availability.
- Extraneous Sources of Reinforcement: Reinforcers unrelated to the target behavior that can still affect behavior or reinforcement rates.
- Generalized Matching Relation: An idea stating that the relative rate of responding to two options matches the relative rate of reinforcement for those options.
- Hyperbolic Discounting Equation: A model suggesting that the value of a reward decreases hyperbolically as the delay increases and individuals will prefer smaller immediate rewards.
- "Impulsive" Behavior: Choosing immediate reinforcement over larger, delayed rewards, common in delay discounting tasks.
- Log-linear Matching Equation: A mathematical model of the matching law that uses logarithms to relate response rates to reinforcement rates, addressing non-linear aspects of behavior.
- Matching: Allocating responses in proportion to the reinforcement received from each choice in a concurrent schedule.
- Matching Relation: The basic mathematical relationship of the matching law, where the ratio of responses matches the ratio of reinforcements.
- Maximization: Selecting the option that provides the most reinforcement to achieve optimal behavior under given circumstances.
- Melioration: Shifting behavior towards options with higher immediate reinforcement, possibly at the expense of long-term optimal outcomes.
- Overmatching: Allocating responses disproportionately to the option that provides more reinforcement, exceeding the allocation predicted by the matching law.
- Power Law for Matching: A variant of the matching law where the relationship between response allocation and reinforcement rates follows a power function.
- Preference: The tendency to select one option over another, influenced by factors like reinforcement rate, delay, and effort.
- Preference for Choice: The desire to have options, even if the available alternatives are equally reinforcing.
- Preference Reversal: A change in preference between two options based on changes in context or conditions, like delay or reinforcement magnitude.
- Quantitative Law of Effect: A principle that describes how the rate of behavior is related to the rate of reinforcement, with the effect of reinforcement depending on the relative reinforcement rates.
- Reinforcer Pathology: Disrupted reinforcement patterns or contingencies that lead to maladaptive behavior.
- Relative Rates of Reinforcement: The ratio of reinforcement rates for different options, determining the distribution of behavior in a concurrent schedule.
- Relative Rates of Response: The proportion of responses allocated to different options in a concurrent schedule, which often mirrors the relative rates of reinforcement.
- "Self-Control" Behavior: Choosing a larger, delayed reward over a smaller, immediate one, showing delayed gratification or self-regulation.
- Substitutability: The idea that one reinforcer can replace another if it provides similar reinforcement value or function.
- Two-Key Procedure: A behavioral experiment with two response options (keys or levers), each linked to a different reinforcement schedule, used to study choice.
- Undermatching: Failing to allocate responses in direct proportion to reinforcement ratios, under-responding to the option with more reinforcement.
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