भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन का परिचय

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Questions and Answers

स्वदेशी आंदोलन का प्रवर्तक कौन था?

सुभाष चंद्र बोस

बाल गंगाधर तिलक (correct)

डादाभाई नौरोजी

महात्मा गांधी

1857 के सिपाही विद्रोह का प्रमुख कारण क्या था?

इनमें से सभी (correct)

राजनीतिक दमन

अर्थशास्त्रीय शोषण

सामाजिक अन्याय

किस घटना ने भारतीय राष्ट्रीयता के विकास को मजबूती प्रदान की?

सिपाही विद्रोह

सिविल डिसओबेडियंस

बंगाल का विभाजन (correct)

जलियांवाला बाग हत्याकांड

महात्मा गांधी किस रणनीति का उपयोग करके राजनीतिक उद्देश्य प्राप्त करते थे?

सत्याग्रह Signup and view all the answers

भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस की स्थापना कब हुई थी?

1885 Signup and view all the answers

गांधीजी ने किस आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया जिसमें जनसंका का व्यापक भागीदारी थी?

सिविल नाफरमानी आंदोलन Signup and view all the answers

किस नेता ने आर्थिक शोषण के मुद्दों को प्रमुखता दी?

डादाभाई नौरोजी Signup and view all the answers

भारत की स्वतंत्रता कब मिली?

15 अगस्त 1947 Signup and view all the answers

भारत के विभाजन का मुख्य कारण क्या था?

जातीय तनाव Signup and view all the answers

किस घटना ने गांधी के नेतृत्व में स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन को गति दी?

जलियांवाला बाग हत्याकांड Signup and view all the answers

कौन सा आंदोलन पूर्ण ब्रिटिश निकासी की मांग करता था?

छोडो भारत आंदोलन Signup and view all the answers

किस संगठन का उदय प्रारंभिक राष्ट्रीयता के विकास में महत्वपूर्ण था?

भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस Signup and view all the answers

भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन में छात्रों की भूमिका कैसे थी?

सक्रिय भागीदार थे Signup and view all the answers

सामाजिक आंदोलनों में महिलाओं की भूमिका किस रूप से सामने आई?

मार्च और रैली में भागीदारी से Signup and view all the answers

कौन सा नेता स्वतंत्रता संघर्ष में मुख्य भूमिका निभाते थे?

सुभाष चंद्र बोस Signup and view all the answers

किस आंदोलन ने ब्रिटिश औपनिवेशिक शासन के खिलाफ जन जागरूकता बढ़ाई?

असहयोग आंदोलन Signup and view all the answers

ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ कौन सा महत्वपूर्ण तर्क था?

संसाधनों का शोषण Signup and view all the answers

भारत के स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के प्रमुख थीम में से एक क्या था?

राष्ट्रीयता की जागरूकता Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to the Indian National Movement

The Indian National Movement was a significant period of struggle for independence from British rule, spanning from 1857 to 1947.
This period saw a gradual shift in the form of resistance, from localized rebellions to organized nationalist movements.
Key factors driving the movement included economic exploitation, political suppression, and social injustice.

Early Stages (1857-1905)

The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, though largely unsuccessful, marked a turning point. It exposed the deep-seated resentment against British rule.
The introduction of the British system of administration and governance also led to the growth of Indian consciousness regarding political involvement.
Rise of early nationalist organizations such as the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885, primarily focused on moderate demands for greater participation in the governance process.
Notable figures of this era included Dadabhai Naoroji who highlighted issues like economic exploitation and the drain of wealth.
The growth of Indian nationalism found fertile ground in education. The introduction of a western-style education system allowed Indians to learn about democratic ideals and fight against colonial rule.
The Partition of Bengal in 1905 acted as a catalyst, igniting widespread unrest and increasing nationalist sentiment. This marked a shift towards more assertive and radical approaches.

The Rise of Extremism (1905-1919)

The partition of Bengal in 1905 led to the emergence of extremist groups, advocating for complete independence rather than limited reforms.
Key leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal played a significant role in promoting the Swadeshi movement, promoting self-reliance and opposition to British goods.
The ideas of nationalism and self-rule gained traction throughout this period.
Increased agitation and protests marked this phase.

Gandhian Era (1919-1947)

The First World War and the subsequent Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 solidified the resolve for complete independence from British rule.
Mahatma Gandhi entered the political scene and introduced novel ideas such as Satyagraha, employing civil disobedience to achieve political goals.
Gandhi's leadership mobilized various sections of society including religious communities and women in the freedom struggle.
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) and the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34) saw widespread participation and effectively challenged British authority.
The Quit India Movement (1942) demanded complete British withdrawal.
During this era, significant economic struggles and exploitation of resources continued to push towards independence.

Partition and Independence

Growing communal tensions culminated in the Partition of India in 1947, dividing the nation along religious lines.
This led to significant violence and displacement of populations.
India achieved independence on August 15, 1947, marking the culmination of decades of struggle.
The nation faced immediate challenges in rebuilding and integrating diverse groups into a unified nation.

Significant Themes of the Movement

The growing awareness of nationalism and a common identity among diverse communities across India.
The demand for self-determination and political freedom against British colonial rule.
The use and development of various forms of protest, such as civil disobedience, boycotts, and non-cooperation.
The mobilization of different groups in society, including women, peasants, and workers, to achieve political goals.
The crucial role of leadership, including Gandhi, Nehru, and other leaders, in guiding and mobilizing the mass of people.

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भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन एक महत्वपूर्ण अवधि थी जो ब्रिटिश शासन से स्वतंत्रता के लिए संघर्ष करती थी। यह आंदोलन 1857 से 1947 तक फैला और इसमें स्थानीय बगावतों से संगठित राष्ट्रीय आंदोलनों तक का विकास देखा गया। आर्थिक शोषण, राजनीतिक दमन और सामाजिक अन्याय जैसी मुख्य कारक इस आंदोलन को प्रेरित करते थे।