33 Questions
What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis by binding to specific receptors (PBPs) and inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes
What is the effect of beta-lactamase on the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics?
Decreases antibacterial activity
Which of the following is a characteristic of penicillin G?
It is resistant to gastric acid
What is the purpose of combining beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors?
To prevent the degradation of the antibiotic by beta-lactamase
Which of the following is a use of procaine and benzathine penicillin G?
Treatment of syphilis
What is the half-life of penicillin G?
30 minutes to 1 hour
What is the main difference between penicillin and cephalosporins?
Penicillin has a beta-lactam ring, while cephalosporins have a dihydrothiazine ring.
What is the main mechanism of resistance to penicillin?
Hydrolysis by beta-lactamase.
Which of the following antibiotics is used to treat Staphylococcal infections?
Methicillin.
What is the main advantage of using Piperacillin and Ticarcillin over Ampicillin and Amoxicillin?
They are more effective against Gram-negative organisms.
What is the main characteristic of 3rd generation cephalosporins?
They are more effective against Gram-negative organisms.
What is the main route of elimination for most cephalosporins?
Renal tubular excretion.
What is the mechanism of action of Clindamycin?
Binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
What is the primary route of elimination of Clindamycin?
Hepatic metabolism and renal excretion
Which of the following is a common mechanism of resistance to Clindamycin?
All of the above
What is a common side effect of Clindamycin?
GI irritation
What is a common indication for Clindamycin?
Skin and soft tissue infections
What is the mechanism of action of quinupristin-dalfopristin against gram-positive cocci?
Inhibition of protein synthesis
What is the primary route of excretion for quinupristin-dalfopristin?
Feces
What is the Primary indication for the use of quinupristin-dalfopristin?
MRSA infections
What is the half-life of quinupristin?
0.85 hours
What is the mechanism of resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin?
All of the above
What is the primary limitation of using linezolid?
Risk of thrombocytopenia
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Inhibitors of folic acid synthesis
What is the consequence of displacing bilirubin from plasma protein binding?
Kernicterus in neonates
What is the primary route of excretion for sulfonamides?
Urinary excretion
What is the indication for Sulfasalazine?
Inflammatory bowel diseases
What is the consequence of crystalluria in sulfonamide therapy?
Crystalluria and increased susceptibility to Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections
What is the mechanism of action of Trimethoprim?
Inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
What is the consequence of sulfonamide toxicity on the hematological system?
All of the above
What is the indication for Cotrimoxazole?
All of the above
What is the effect of sulfonamides on mammalian cells?
Cause inability to synthesize folic acid
What is the half-life of Sulfamethoxazole?
10-12 hours
This quiz covers the characteristics and mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics, specifically penicillins, including their MOA, pharmacokinetics, resistance, and drug interactions.
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