Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates Quiz

Drugs that slow down the central nervous system, reducing activity and producing relaxation.

They cause relaxation, reduced anxiety, reduced pain, impaired coordination, impaired judgment, slurred speech, sedation, sleep induction, and potentially loss of consciousness.

Treatment for anxiety disorders, insomnia, pain, seizures, and muscle spasms, including alcohol withdrawal.

Can be misused recreationally leading to addiction, health risks, and overdose, including risk of impaired breathing and death.

A type of CNS depressant used for sleep problems (Insomnia) or Anxiety.

Characterized by excessive worry, fear, difficulty concentrating and problems sleeping. It can cause physical symptoms such as tachycardia and muscle aches.

A class of hypnotic sedatives, ideal for oral sedation, relatively safer, less addictive with a larger therapeutic index.

A class of hypnotic sedatives that are contraindicated in certain conditions.

A neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulses in the central nervous system.

A receptor that when activated allows chloride ions into the cell causing hyperpolarization and inhibiting nerve impulses

A receptor that when activated, inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and increases potassium flow out of the cell, inhibiting nerve impulses.

An increase in the negativity of the inside of a neuron, making it less likely to fire an action potential.

A class of anxiolytic drugs that work by increasing the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter that reduces brain neuron activity

A class of CNS depressants that work by affecting GABA receptors in the brain.

Flumazenil; a selective GABA-A receptor antagonist that reverses the effects of benzodiazepines.

A neurotransmitter that helps reduce brain neuron activity, contributing to a calming effect.

Medications used to treat anxiety disorders by targeting the brain's mood and anxiety-regulating neurotransmitters.

Last 1 to 3 days; examples include Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, clonazepam, and chlorazepate.

Last 10-20 hours; examples include temazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, oxazepam, nitrazepam, and estrazolam

Last 2-8 hours; examples include midazolam, triazolam

Last 1-2 days; example is Phenobarbital

Last 3-8 hours; examples are Pentobarbital, secobarbital & amobarbital.

Last 20 mins; example is Thiopental

Enzymes that produce prostaglandins and thromboxane A2.

Chemicals involved in pain, inflammation, fever, blood clotting, uterine contractions, and more.

Drugs that inhibit COX enzymes.

Aspirin relieves pain by reducing prostaglandin and inflammation.

Aspirin reduces blood clotting by inhibiting thromboxane A2 production.

Acetaminophen primarily reduces fever and pain, while NSAIDs reduce fever, pain, and inflammation.

Alcohol affects many body systems, impacting coordination, responsiveness, body temperature, respiration, and sexual function.

A reversible condition induced by anaesthetic drugs, causing decreased or complete loss of pain and sensation, including consciousness and muscle movement, during surgery or invasive procedures.

Numbing a specific area, preventing pain sensation without loss of consciousness.

A progression of four stages: Induction, Excitement, Surgical Anaesthesia, and Medullary Paralysis during general anesthesia.

The initial stage of general anesthesia, where the patient is brought into unconsciousness.

The stage of general anesthesia marked by excitement of involuntary muscle movements, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

The stage of general anesthesia where a patient is unconscious and ideal for surgery, with careful monitoring.

The final stage of general anesthesia, where respiratory and cardiovascular functions fail, leading to potential death.

The state of being free from pain sensations during anesthesia.

Intravenous anesthetic drugs, including etomidate, propofol, and barbiturates, used in the induction phase of general anesthesia.

An IV anesthetic drug that is potent in inducing unconsciousness. Caution advised due to its potential effects on the adrenal glands.

An IV anesthetic drug used in the induction phase known for rapid onset of unconsciousness.

IV anesthetic drugs used in the induction phase for profound unconsciousness, but also pose respiratory depression risks and hypotension.

An IV anesthetic drug offering significant pain relief but less effective at inducing complete unconsciousness or immobility.

A drug that reverses or reduces the effects of an opioid overdose.

Using an opioid antagonist to counteract the effects of an opioid overdose, such as restoring normal breathing.

Unwanted physical effects caused by opioid use, impacting various bodily functions

Opioid-induced nausea, triggered by stimulation of chemoreceptors in the medulla.

Reduced ability to breathe caused by opioids decreasing the brainstem's response to CO2.

Opioid's ability to suppress the cough reflex by affecting the cough center in the medulla.

Opioids weaken the body's immune response.

Low blood pressure induced by opioids stimulating histamine release which can lower blood pressure.

Opioids slow down digestion, causing difficulty with bowel movements.

Opioids cause difficulty urinating by increasing sphincter tone affecting renal function.

Physical and psychological dependence on opioids.

Symptoms that occur when opioid use is stopped, because of desensitization of opioid receptors.

The brain adapts to opioids by changing how opioid receptors function, making addiction more likely.

Used to relieve mild-moderate pain

Non-opioid pain reliever and fever reducer; only inhibits central nervous system prostaglandins.

Class of drugs that reduce inflammation, pain, and fever, often used for mild to moderate pain.

NSAID; pain reliever and anti-blood clot medication.

Drugs used to treat insomnia, not acting like benzodiazepines.

A non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug

A non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug

A non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug

Intravenous anesthetic drugs affecting GABA receptors.

An IV anesthetic that increases GABAergic activity.

An IV anesthetic that increases GABAergic activity.

A class of IV anesthetics, increasing GABAergic activity.

A class of anesthetic drugs affecting NMDA receptors, and/or 2-pore-domain potassium channels.

An IV anesthetic affecting NMDA receptors.

An inhaled anesthetic that increases 2-pore-domain potassium channel function.

Drugs that block voltage-gated sodium channels.

A local anesthetic drug.

Naturally occurring pain-relieving substances.

Naturally occurring pain relievers in the body.

A non-opioid pain reliever that doesn't affect COX enzymes.