Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a distinguishing feature of benzodiazepines compared to barbiturates?

  • They have a specific antagonist, Flumazenil. (correct)
  • They induce loss of consciousness.
  • They produce anesthesia in high doses.
  • They can cause respiratory depression.

    • Which of the following benzodiazepines is categorized as long-acting?

  • Alprazolam
  • Diazepam (correct)
  • Temazepam
  • Midazolam

    • How do barbiturates differ in their mechanism of action from benzodiazepines?

  • They bind only to the α subunit of GABA receptors.
  • They increase the frequency of channel opening.
  • They target serotonin receptors instead of GABA.
  • They bind at α and β subunits and affect channel duration. (correct)

    • What effect do benzodiazepines have on the respiratory system compared to barbiturates?

    <p>They do not affect the respiratory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the duration of action of barbiturates?

    <p>Phenobarbital is an example of a long-acting barbiturate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the action of GABA in benzodiazepines?

    <p>It increases the frequency of opening of GABA channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are benzodiazepines preferred for daytime anxiety treatment?

    <p>They can be aroused from in high doses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is categorized as a miscellaneous anxiolytic?

    <p>Zolpidem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of general anaesthesia during surgical procedures?

    <p>To produce reversible loss of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of general anaesthesia is characterized by increased muscle tone and vital sign excitement?

    <p>Excitement phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the IV agents Etomidate and Propofol primarily work in inducing unconsciousness?

    <p>By hyperpolarizing neuronal membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Propofol during anaesthesia?

    <p>Hypotension and respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary use of CNS depressants?

    <p>Reducing anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of CNS depressants?

    <p>Increased alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the second group of anaesthetics is correct?

    <p>They produce analgesia but have a weaker ability to induce unconsciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is considered safer due to less addiction potential?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with the use of Etomidate as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Adrenal suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anaesthetic agents are classified as having the weakest ability to produce unconsciousness?

    <p>Nitrous Oxide and Xenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary mechanism of action of GABA in CNS depressants involves which ion influx?

    <p>Chloride ion influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are benzodiazepines typically used for?

    <p>Anxiety and insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the medullary paralysis phase of general anaesthesia?

    <p>Complete loss of reflexes and cardiovascular stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a contraindication for barbiturate use?

    <p>Intermittent porphyria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could occur as a result of the misuse of CNS depressants?

    <p>Permanent brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activation of which GABA receptor type leads to an increase in post-synaptic K+ permeability?

    <p>GABAB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which an opioid antagonist works?

    <p>Blocks the receptors in the brain to reverse opioid effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect of opioids is directly related to their action on the medulla?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acetaminophen primarily exert its effects?

    <p>By inhibiting cyclooxygenase only in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant side effect of opioids related to their effects on the urinary system?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following non-opioid analgesics is known to reduce the formation of blood clots?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do opioids have on the immune system?

    <p>Suppresses immune system activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect is caused by the release of histamine?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consequence of opioid activation of Mu receptors in the brain?

    <p>Increased dopamine activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in the body?

    <p>Synthesize prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of aspirin?

    <p>Increased risk of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thromboxane A2 in the body?

    <p>Facilitates platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known for both pain relief and anti-inflammatory properties?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does ethanol have on the body’s coordination and responses?

    <p>Decreases coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following non-benzodiazepine hypnotics primarily affects GABA receptors?

    <p>Eszopiclone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is primarily utilized by general anesthetics in Group 2 that includes Ketamine?

    <p>Decrease in NMDA activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels?

    <p>Lidocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid is known for having a selective antagonistic effect?

    <p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following analgesics primarily decreases COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme activity?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mechanism of action shared by halogenated volatile anesthetics?

    <p>Increased GABA activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of effect does Tramadol exhibit aside from being an opioid?

    <p>SNRI effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances acts as an analgesic by blocking NMDA channels?

    <p>Methadone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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