Neoplasm 3

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Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with a benign tumor?

Unencapsulated

Pleomorphism present

Retained polarity (correct)

Rapid growth

Which type of tumor exhibits a higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio?

Malignant (correct)

Benign

Invasive

Metastatic

Which type of neoplasm is characterized by pleomorphism, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatism, atypical and abnormal mitosis, and often lost polarity?

Metastatic

Malignant (correct)

Benign

Invasive

Which type of neoplasm is known for its slow growth and lack of metastasis?

Benign Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer describes the ability of cancer cells to resist signals that would typically inhibit their growth?

Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which tumor cells spread to distant sites in the body called?

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer refers to the ability of cancer cells to evade programmed cell death?

Evasion of apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer describes the ability of cancer cells to divide indefinitely?

Limitless replicative potential Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer involves the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to the growing tumor?

Sustained angiogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells?

Cancer cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of invasion and metastasis?

Invasion of ECM and dissemination of tumour cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common route of spread for sarcomas?

Hematogenous Signup and view all the answers

Which body cavity is most often involved in direct seedling of body cavities?

Peritoneal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is more likely to spread via the lymphatics rather than hematogenously?

Carcinomas Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are commonly affected by hematogenous spread of cancer?

Liver, lung, bones, brain, kidney Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels are less easily penetrated by tumor cells?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of grading neoplasms?

Grading is based on the extent of spread Signup and view all the answers

Which grading scheme represents a poorly differentiated neoplasm?

G3 Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically considered in the grading of neoplasms?

Size of the tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the grade of a neoplasm that is well differentiated and has less than 25% anaplastic/undifferentiated cells?

G1 Signup and view all the answers

Which staging system is widely used for assessing the extent of spread of a tumor?

Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Dukes' staging for colorectal cancer indicates that the cancer has grown through the muscle layer of the bowel?

Dukes' B Signup and view all the answers

In Dukes' staging for colorectal cancer, what does Dukes' D stage indicate?

The cancer has spread to another part of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does the clinical classification "Tis" indicate in the TNM system?

Carcinoma in situ: intramucosal or invasion of lamina propria Signup and view all the answers

What does the clinical classification "M0" indicate in the TNM system?

No distant metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What does the clinical classification "N1" indicate in the TNM system?

Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers