Neoplasm 3

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with a benign tumor?

  • Unencapsulated
  • Pleomorphism present
  • Retained polarity (correct)
  • Rapid growth

Which type of tumor exhibits a higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio?

  • Malignant (correct)
  • Benign
  • Invasive
  • Metastatic

Which type of neoplasm is characterized by pleomorphism, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatism, atypical and abnormal mitosis, and often lost polarity?

  • Metastatic
  • Malignant (correct)
  • Benign
  • Invasive

Which type of neoplasm is known for its slow growth and lack of metastasis?

<p>Benign (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer describes the ability of cancer cells to resist signals that would typically inhibit their growth?

<p>Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which tumor cells spread to distant sites in the body called?

<p>Metastasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer refers to the ability of cancer cells to evade programmed cell death?

<p>Evasion of apoptosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer describes the ability of cancer cells to divide indefinitely?

<p>Limitless replicative potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer involves the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to the growing tumor?

<p>Sustained angiogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells?

<p>Cancer cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of invasion and metastasis?

<p>Invasion of ECM and dissemination of tumour cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common route of spread for sarcomas?

<p>Hematogenous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body cavity is most often involved in direct seedling of body cavities?

<p>Peritoneal cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is more likely to spread via the lymphatics rather than hematogenously?

<p>Carcinomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are commonly affected by hematogenous spread of cancer?

<p>Liver, lung, bones, brain, kidney (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels are less easily penetrated by tumor cells?

<p>Arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of grading neoplasms?

<p>Grading is based on the extent of spread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grading scheme represents a poorly differentiated neoplasm?

<p>G3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically considered in the grading of neoplasms?

<p>Size of the tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the grade of a neoplasm that is well differentiated and has less than 25% anaplastic/undifferentiated cells?

<p>G1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which staging system is widely used for assessing the extent of spread of a tumor?

<p>Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Dukes' staging for colorectal cancer indicates that the cancer has grown through the muscle layer of the bowel?

<p>Dukes' B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Dukes' staging for colorectal cancer, what does Dukes' D stage indicate?

<p>The cancer has spread to another part of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the clinical classification "Tis" indicate in the TNM system?

<p>Carcinoma in situ: intramucosal or invasion of lamina propria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the clinical classification "M0" indicate in the TNM system?

<p>No distant metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the clinical classification "N1" indicate in the TNM system?

<p>Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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