Neoplasm 3
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with a benign tumor?

  • Unencapsulated
  • Pleomorphism present
  • Retained polarity (correct)
  • Rapid growth
  • Which type of tumor exhibits a higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio?

  • Malignant (correct)
  • Benign
  • Invasive
  • Metastatic
  • Which type of neoplasm is characterized by pleomorphism, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatism, atypical and abnormal mitosis, and often lost polarity?

  • Metastatic
  • Malignant (correct)
  • Benign
  • Invasive
  • Which type of neoplasm is known for its slow growth and lack of metastasis?

    <p>Benign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark of cancer describes the ability of cancer cells to resist signals that would typically inhibit their growth?

    <p>Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which tumor cells spread to distant sites in the body called?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark of cancer refers to the ability of cancer cells to evade programmed cell death?

    <p>Evasion of apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark of cancer describes the ability of cancer cells to divide indefinitely?

    <p>Limitless replicative potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark of cancer involves the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to the growing tumor?

    <p>Sustained angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells?

    <p>Cancer cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two phases of invasion and metastasis?

    <p>Invasion of ECM and dissemination of tumour cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common route of spread for sarcomas?

    <p>Hematogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body cavity is most often involved in direct seedling of body cavities?

    <p>Peritoneal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is more likely to spread via the lymphatics rather than hematogenously?

    <p>Carcinomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are commonly affected by hematogenous spread of cancer?

    <p>Liver, lung, bones, brain, kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are less easily penetrated by tumor cells?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of grading neoplasms?

    <p>Grading is based on the extent of spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grading scheme represents a poorly differentiated neoplasm?

    <p>G3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically considered in the grading of neoplasms?

    <p>Size of the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grade of a neoplasm that is well differentiated and has less than 25% anaplastic/undifferentiated cells?

    <p>G1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staging system is widely used for assessing the extent of spread of a tumor?

    <p>Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Dukes' staging for colorectal cancer indicates that the cancer has grown through the muscle layer of the bowel?

    <p>Dukes' B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Dukes' staging for colorectal cancer, what does Dukes' D stage indicate?

    <p>The cancer has spread to another part of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clinical classification "Tis" indicate in the TNM system?

    <p>Carcinoma in situ: intramucosal or invasion of lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clinical classification "M0" indicate in the TNM system?

    <p>No distant metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clinical classification "N1" indicate in the TNM system?

    <p>Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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