Benign Breast Disease Quiz

Study Notes

Fibrocystic changes:
- Most common benign breast condition
- Characterized by cysts and fibrosis
- Symptoms: breast pain, tenderness, and swelling
- Diagnosis: clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Fibroadenoma:
- Most common benign breast tumor
- Typically occurs in women under 30
- Symptoms: palpable mass, painless, and mobile
- Diagnosis: clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Ductal ectasia:
- Dilation of lactiferous ducts
- Symptoms: nipple discharge, breast pain, and swelling
- Diagnosis: clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Mastitis:
- Inflammation of the breast tissue
- Symptoms: breast pain, swelling, and redness
- Diagnosis: clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH):
- Proliferation of abnormal ductal cells
- Increased risk of breast cancer
- Diagnosis: biopsy

Breast Imaging:
- Mammography: screening and diagnostic tool
- Ultrasound: complementary to mammography
- MRI: high-risk patients and implant evaluation
Breast Biopsy:
- Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): cytological sampling
- Core needle biopsy: histological sampling
- Surgical biopsy: excisional or incisional biopsy
Pathological Diagnosis:
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): non-invasive cancer
- Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC): invasive cancer
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): non-invasive cancer
- Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC): invasive cancer
Immunohistochemical Markers:
- Estrogen receptor (ER): hormone receptor status
- Progesterone receptor (PR): hormone receptor status
- Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2): molecular marker
- Ki-67: proliferation marker
TNM Staging:
- Tumor size and extent (T)
- Node involvement (N)
- Metastases (M)

Fibrocystic changes:
- Most common benign breast condition, characterized by cysts and fibrosis
- Presents with breast pain, tenderness, and swelling
- Diagnosed through clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Fibroadenoma:
- Most common benign breast tumor, typically occurring in women under 30
- Presents as a palpable mass, painless and mobile
- Diagnosed through clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Ductal ectasia:
- Characterized by dilation of lactiferous ducts
- Presents with nipple discharge, breast pain, and swelling
- Diagnosed through clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Mastitis:
- Inflammation of the breast tissue
- Presents with breast pain, swelling, and redness
- Diagnosed through clinical exam, imaging, and biopsy
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH):
- Proliferation of abnormal ductal cells, increasing the risk of breast cancer
- Diagnosed through biopsy

Breast Imaging:
- Mammography: used for screening and diagnostic purposes
- Ultrasound: used as a complementary tool to mammography
- MRI: used for high-risk patients and implant evaluation
Breast Biopsy:
- Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): a cytological sampling method
- Core needle biopsy: a histological sampling method
- Surgical biopsy: excisional or incisional biopsy methods
Pathological Diagnosis:
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): a non-invasive cancer
- Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC): an invasive cancer
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): a non-invasive cancer
- Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC): an invasive cancer
Immunohistochemical Markers:
- Estrogen receptor (ER): a hormone receptor status marker
- Progesterone receptor (PR): a hormone receptor status marker
- Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2): a molecular marker
- Ki-67: a proliferation marker
TNM Staging:
- Tumor size and extent (T)
- Node involvement (N)
- Metastases (M)