Questions and Answers
Which drug class does benazepril belong to?
What is the primary route of administration for benazepril?
oral
The initial dosing of benazepril for hypertension is ____ mg orally once daily.
10
The maximum daily dosage of benazepril is ____ mg.
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Which of the following is a contraindication for benazepril?
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What are common adverse effects associated with benazepril?
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What pregnancy category is benazepril classified under?
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What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of benazepril?
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What should be monitored during the therapy with benazepril?
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Which of the following is a drug interaction with benazepril?
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Study Notes
Benazepril Overview
- Benazepril is classified as an ACE inhibitor and antihypertensive medication.
- Administered orally, it has specific dosing instructions based on condition severity and response.
Dosing Information
- For hypertension, the initial dose is 10 mg once daily, with maintenance doses ranging from 20 to 40 mg once daily or in two doses.
- Maximum daily dosage is 80 mg; diuretic therapy should be paused 2-3 days before starting benazepril.
- If a diuretic cannot be stopped, begin with 5 mg/day.
Dose Adjustments
- For patients with renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min), the initial dose is 5 mg once daily, with a maximum of 40 mg daily.
Contraindications
- History of angioedema, concurrent use with aliskiren in diabetic patients, and hypersensitivity to benazepril or other ACE inhibitors are contraindicated.
Adverse Effects
- Common effects include dizziness (3.6%), headache (6.2%), cough (1.2%), and fatigue (2.4%).
- Serious side effects include Stevens-Johnson syndrome, intestinal angioedema, agranulocytosis, nephrotoxicity, and angioedema, with severe reactions occurring at lower frequencies.
Black Box Warning
- Discontinue use immediately if pregnancy is detected due to potential fetal injury or death linked to drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system.
Drug Interactions
- Increase in serum potassium with potassium-sparing drugs (e.g., spironolactone, amiloride) and certain supplements.
- Concurrent NSAIDs may cause renal failure, especially in older patients or those with impaired kidney function.
- Lithium levels can rise to toxic levels when combined with benazepril.
- Alcohol should be avoided as it can enhance side effects.
Pregnancy Category
- Rated as Category D, indicating potential risk to the fetus.
Monitoring Requirements
- Assess reduction in blood pressure for efficacy and perform renal function tests initially, especially in vulnerable patients.
- During pregnancy, serial ultrasound examinations and fetal monitoring may be necessary.
Mechanism of Action
- Benazepril, as a prodrug, converts to benazeprilat which inhibits ACE, reducing angiotensin II levels leading to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and increased potassium levels through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system suppression.
Pharmacokinetics
- Oral benazepril reaches peak concentration between 0.5 to 1 hour, with a bioavailability of at least 37%.
- Food does not significantly affect benazepril absorption, while it increases the Cmax of the active metabolite, benazeprilat, which peaks at 1-2 hours.
- Benazepril and its active form are highly protein-bound (approximately 96.7% and 95.3%).
- Benazepril is metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted through the kidneys as glucuronide conjugates. Benazeprilat is also renally excreted, with a notable amount remaining unchanged.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Benazepril, a common ACE inhibitor used for treating hypertension. These flashcards cover essential information such as drug classification, routes of administration, and dosing guidelines. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.
